RustPP/src/include/rust.hh

#pragma once

// all C/++ headers must be imported first
#include <cstdlib>

#include "panic.hh"      // IWYU pragma: export
#include "primitives.hh" // IWYU pragma: export

// keywords.hh must come last; changes language semantics with macros
#include "keywords.hh" // IWYU pragma: export

type Cstr = char *;


mod termination {
    struct ExitCode {
        int code;
        fn return_value () -> int {
            return code;
        }
    };
}

/** The main function: does main things */
fn rustpp__main () -> termination::ExitCode;

mod option {
    template <typename T>
    class Option {
        union {
            u8 None = 0;
            T Some;
        } value;
        enum variant : bool {
            None = 0,
            Some,
        } variant;

       public:
        makeSelf (Option<T>);

        operator termination::ExitCode () {
            return { (int) variant };
        }

        static fn Some (T value) -> Self {
            Self op;
            op.value.Some = value;
            op.variant = variant::Some;
            return op;
        }

        static fn None (T *_type = (T *) (0)) -> Self {
            Self op;
            op.value.None = 0;
            op.variant = variant::None;
            return op;
        }

        fn is_some () -> bool {
            return variant == variant::Some;
        }

        fn is_none () -> bool {
            return variant == variant::None;
        }

        operator bool () {
            return this->is_some ();
        }

        fn unwrap_unchecked () -> T {
            return value.Some;
        }

        fn unwrap () -> T {
            match (variant) {
                arm (variant::Some, return value.Some);
                arm (variant::None, panic ("Called Option::unwrap() on a None value"));
            }
        }

        template <typename U>
        fn map (U (f) (T)) -> Option<U> {
            match (variant) {
                arm (variant::Some, return Some (f (value.Some)));
                arm (variant::None, return None<U> ());
            }
        }
    };

    /// Constructs an Option with `variant` None
    ///
    /// Takes an optional (never-dereferenced) pointer argument, for type inference.
    template <typename T>
    fn None (T *_type = (T *) (0)) -> Option<T> {
        return Option<T>::None ();
    }

    /// Constructs an option with `variant` Some
    template <typename T>
    fn Some (T value) -> Option<T> {
        return Option<T>::Some (value);
    }
}

mod result {
    template <typename T, typename E>
    class Result {
        union {
            T Ok;
            E Err;
        } value;
        enum variant {
            Ok,
            Err,
        } variant;

       public:
        makeSelf (Result<T, E>);

        operator termination::ExitCode () {
            return { (int) variant };
        }

        // TODO: destructor for Result

        static fn Ok (T value) -> Self {
            Self result;
            result.value.Ok = value;
            result.variant = variant::Ok;
            return result;
        }

        static fn Err (E error) -> Self {
            Self result;
            result.value.Err = error;
            result.variant = variant::Err;
            return result;
        }

        fn is_ok () -> bool {
            return variant == variant::Ok;
        }

        fn is_err () -> bool {
            return variant == variant::Err;
        }

        fn ok () -> option::Option<T> {
            match (variant) {
                arm (variant::Ok, return option::Some (value.Ok));
                arm (variant::Err, return option::None<T> ());
            }
        }

        fn err () -> option::Option<E> {
            match (variant) {
                arm (variant::Err, return option::Some (value.Err));
                arm (variant::Ok, return option::None<T> ());
            }
        }

        fn unwrap () -> T {
            match (variant) {
                arm (variant::Ok, return value.Ok);
                arm (variant::Err, panic ("Called Result::unwrap() on Err value"));
            }
        }

        fn unwrap_err () -> E {
            match (variant) {
                arm (variant::Ok, panic ("Called Result::unwrap_err() on Ok value"));
                arm (variant::Err, return value.Err);
            }
        }
    };

    /// Constructs a Result with variant Err and value `Err(value)`
    template <typename T, typename E>
    fn Err (E error) -> Result<T, E> {
        return Result<T, E>::Err (error);
    }

    /// Constructs a Result with variant Ok and value `Ok(value)`
    template <typename T, typename E>
    fn Ok (T value) -> Result<T, E> {
        return Result<T, E>::Ok (value);
    }
}

mod ptr {
    template <typename T>
    struct Nonnull {
        T *value;
        makeSelf (Nonnull<T>);

        static fn rustpp__new (T *value) -> option::Option<Self> {
            if (value) {
                return option::Some ((Self) { value });
            } else {
                return option::None<Self> ();
            }
        }

        fn operator* ()->T & {
            return *value;
        }
    };

    template <typename T>
    fn nonnull (T * value) -> option::Option<Nonnull<T>> {
        switch (value) {
            case nullptr:
                return option::Some (value);
            default:
                return option::None (&value);
        }
    }

    template <typename T>
    fn nonnull_unchecked (T * value) -> Nonnull<T> {
        return { value };
    }
}

mod iter {
    template <typename T>
    class Iterator {
       public:
        virtual fn next () -> option::Option<T> = 0;
        // TODO: default methods for Iterator
    };
}

mod slice {
    template <typename T>
    class Iter: public iter::Iterator<ptr::Nonnull<T>> {
        T *head;
        T *tail;

        Iter (T *head, T *tail) : head (head), tail (tail) {}

       public:
        makeSelf (Iter<T>);

        static fn rustpp__new (T *head, usize len) -> Self {
            return { head, head + len };
        }

        fn next () -> option::Option<ptr::Nonnull<T>> override {
            if (head < tail)
                return ptr::Nonnull<T>::rustpp__new (head++);
            else
                return option::None<ptr::Nonnull<T>> ();
        }

        fn into_iter () -> Self & {
            return self;
        }
    };

    template <typename T>
    struct Slice {
        T *ptr;
        usize len;

        makeSelf (Slice<T>);
        fn into_iter () -> Iter<T> {
            return Iter<T>::rustpp__new (self.ptr, self.len);
        }
    };
}

mod vec {
    /// Drains a heap allocated array, returning elements by copy
    template <typename T>
    class Drain: public iter::Iterator<T> {
        T *allocation;
        T *head;
        T *tail;

       public:
        Drain () : allocation (nullptr), head (nullptr), tail (nullptr) {}
        Drain (T *allocation, usize len) : allocation (allocation),
                                           head (allocation),
                                           tail (allocation + len) {}
        ~Drain () {
            free (allocation);
        }


        fn next () -> option::Option<T> override {
            if (head < tail) {
                return option::Some (*head++);
            }
            if (allocation) {
                free (allocation);
                allocation = nullptr;
            }
            return option::None<T> ();
        }
    };


    template <typename T>
    struct Vec {
        T *ptr;
        usize len;
        usize cap;

        makeSelf (Vec<T>);

        static fn rustpp__new () -> Self {
            return {};
        }

        fn resize (usize cap) -> usize {
            ptr = (T *) realloc ((void *) ptr, cap);
            if (!ptr) {
                panic ("Failed to resize Vec from {} to {}.", self.cap, cap);
            }
            self.cap = cap;
            return self.cap;
        }

        fn _grow () -> usize {
            switch (len) {
                case 0:
                    return self.resize (8);
                default:
                    return self.resize ((cap << 1) - cap);
            }
        }

        fn drop () {
            free (ptr);
            self = {};
        }

        fn push (T value) {
            self._grow ();
            ptr[len++] = value;
        }

        fn pop () -> option::Option<T> {
            use option::Some, option::None;
            if (len == 0) {
                return None (ptr);
            }

            let value = ptr[--len];
            return Some (value);
        }

        fn as_slice () -> slice::Slice<T> {
            return slice::Slice { ptr, len };
        }

        fn iter () -> slice::Iter<T> {
            return self.as_slice ().into_iter ();
        }

        fn into_iter () -> Drain<T> {
            let drain = Drain<T> (self.ptr, self.len);
            self = {};
            return drain;
        }
    };
}

mod env {
    /// Gets the environment variables
    fn args () -> slice::Slice<Cstr>;
}


mod prelude {
    use slice::Slice;
    use option::Option, option::Some, option::None;
    use result::Result, result::Err, result::Ok;
    use termination::ExitCode;
}


use mod prelude;