cl-ast: Remove tail from let (it caused more problems that it could've solved)

Also reorder `Let` in the AST

Cargo.toml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ resolver = "2"
 
 [workspace.package]
 repository = "https://git.soft.fish/j/Conlang"
-version = "0.0.6"
+version = "0.0.7"
 authors = ["John Breaux <j@soft.fish>"]
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MIT"

compiler/cl-ast/src/ast.rs

@@ -258,7 +258,6 @@ pub enum TyKind {
     Tuple(TyTuple),
     Ref(TyRef),
     Fn(TyFn),
-    // TODO: slice, array types
 }
 
 /// An array of [`T`](Ty)
@@ -323,7 +322,6 @@ pub struct Stmt {
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub enum StmtKind {
     Empty,
-    Local(Let),
     Item(Box<Item>),
     Expr(Box<Expr>),
 }
@@ -335,15 +333,6 @@ pub enum Semi {
     Unterminated,
 }
 
-/// A local variable declaration [Stmt]
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct Let {
-    pub mutable: Mutability,
-    pub name: Sym,
-    pub ty: Option<Box<Ty>>,
-    pub init: Option<Box<Expr>>,
-}
-
 /// An expression, the beating heart of the language
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct Expr {
@@ -357,6 +346,8 @@ pub enum ExprKind {
     /// An empty expression: `(` `)`
     #[default]
     Empty,
+    /// A local bind instruction, `let` [`Sym`] `=` [`Expr`]
+    Let(Let),
     /// An [Assign]ment expression: [`Expr`] (`=` [`Expr`])\+
     Assign(Assign),
     /// A [Modify]-assignment expression: [`Expr`] ([`ModifyKind`] [`Expr`])\+
@@ -365,6 +356,8 @@ pub enum ExprKind {
     Binary(Binary),
     /// A [Unary] expression: [`UnaryKind`]\* [`Expr`]
     Unary(Unary),
+    /// A [Cast] expression: [`Expr`] `as` [`Ty`]
+    Cast(Cast),
     /// A [Member] access expression: [`Expr`] [`MemberKind`]\*
     Member(Member),
     /// An Array [Index] expression: a[10, 20, 30]
@@ -388,8 +381,6 @@ pub enum ExprKind {
     Group(Group),
     /// A [Tuple] expression: `(` [`Expr`] (`,` [`Expr`])+ `)`
     Tuple(Tuple),
-    /// A [Loop] expression: `loop` [`Block`]
-    Loop(Loop),
     /// A [While] expression: `while` [`Expr`] [`Block`] [`Else`]?
     While(While),
     /// An [If] expression: `if` [`Expr`] [`Block`] [`Else`]?
@@ -401,7 +392,16 @@ pub enum ExprKind {
     /// A [Return] expression `return` [`Expr`]?
     Return(Return),
     /// A continue expression: `continue`
-    Continue(Continue),
+    Continue,
+}
+
+/// A local variable declaration [Stmt]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct Let {
+    pub mutable: Mutability,
+    pub name: Sym,
+    pub ty: Option<Box<Ty>>,
+    pub init: Option<Box<Expr>>,
 }
 
 /// An [Assign]ment expression: [`Expr`] ([`ModifyKind`] [`Expr`])\+
@@ -478,12 +478,20 @@ pub enum UnaryKind {
     Deref,
     Neg,
     Not,
+    /// A Loop expression: `loop` [`Block`]
+    Loop,
     /// Unused
     At,
     /// Unused
     Tilde,
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct Cast {
+    pub head: Box<ExprKind>,
+    pub ty: Ty,
+}
+
 /// A [Member] access expression: [`Expr`] [`MemberKind`]\*
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct Member {
@@ -560,12 +568,6 @@ pub struct Tuple {
     pub exprs: Vec<Expr>,
 }
 
-/// A [Loop] expression: `loop` [`Block`]
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct Loop {
-    pub body: Box<Expr>,
-}
-
 /// A [While] expression: `while` [`Expr`] [`Block`] [`Else`]?
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct While {
@@ -608,7 +610,3 @@ pub struct Break {
 pub struct Return {
     pub body: Option<Box<Expr>>,
 }
-
-/// A continue expression: `continue`
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct Continue;

compiler/cl-ast/src/ast_impl.rs

@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ mod display {
         fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
             match self {
                 Literal::Bool(v) => v.fmt(f),
-                Literal::Char(v) => write!(f, "'{v}'"),
+                Literal::Char(v) => write!(f, "'{}'", v.escape_debug()),
                 Literal::Int(v) => v.fmt(f),
-                Literal::String(v) => write!(f, "\"{v}\""),
+                Literal::String(v) => write!(f, "\"{}\"", v.escape_debug()),
             }
         }
     }
@@ -389,7 +389,6 @@ mod display {
         fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
             match self {
                 StmtKind::Empty => Ok(()),
-                StmtKind::Local(v) => v.fmt(f),
                 StmtKind::Item(v) => v.fmt(f),
                 StmtKind::Expr(v) => v.fmt(f),
             }
@@ -405,20 +404,6 @@ mod display {
         }
     }
 
-    impl Display for Let {
-        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-            let Self { mutable, name, ty, init } = self;
-            write!(f, "let {mutable}{name}")?;
-            if let Some(value) = ty {
-                write!(f, ": {value}")?;
-            }
-            if let Some(value) = init {
-                write!(f, " = {value}")?;
-            }
-            Ok(())
-        }
-    }
-
     impl Display for Expr {
         fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
             self.kind.fmt(f)
@@ -429,10 +414,12 @@ mod display {
         fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
             match self {
                 ExprKind::Empty => "()".fmt(f),
+                ExprKind::Let(v) => v.fmt(f),
                 ExprKind::Assign(v) => v.fmt(f),
                 ExprKind::Modify(v) => v.fmt(f),
                 ExprKind::Binary(v) => v.fmt(f),
                 ExprKind::Unary(v) => v.fmt(f),
+                ExprKind::Cast(v) => v.fmt(f),
                 ExprKind::Member(v) => v.fmt(f),
                 ExprKind::Index(v) => v.fmt(f),
                 ExprKind::Structor(v) => v.fmt(f),
@@ -444,17 +431,30 @@ mod display {
                 ExprKind::Block(v) => v.fmt(f),
                 ExprKind::Group(v) => v.fmt(f),
                 ExprKind::Tuple(v) => v.fmt(f),
-                ExprKind::Loop(v) => v.fmt(f),
                 ExprKind::While(v) => v.fmt(f),
                 ExprKind::If(v) => v.fmt(f),
                 ExprKind::For(v) => v.fmt(f),
                 ExprKind::Break(v) => v.fmt(f),
                 ExprKind::Return(v) => v.fmt(f),
-                ExprKind::Continue(_) => "continue".fmt(f),
+                ExprKind::Continue => "continue".fmt(f),
             }
         }
     }
 
+    impl Display for Let {
+        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+            let Self { mutable, name, ty, init } = self;
+            write!(f, "let {mutable}{name}")?;
+            if let Some(value) = ty {
+                write!(f, ": {value}")?;
+            }
+            if let Some(value) = init {
+                write!(f, " = {value}")?;
+            }
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+
     impl Display for Assign {
         fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
             let Self { parts } = self;
@@ -538,6 +538,7 @@ mod display {
     impl Display for UnaryKind {
         fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
             match self {
+                UnaryKind::Loop => "loop ",
                 UnaryKind::Deref => "*",
                 UnaryKind::Neg => "-",
                 UnaryKind::Not => "!",
@@ -548,6 +549,13 @@ mod display {
         }
     }
 
+    impl Display for Cast {
+        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+            let Self { head, ty } = self;
+            write!(f, "{head} as {ty}")
+        }
+    }
+
     impl Display for Member {
         fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
             let Self { head, kind } = self;
@@ -617,7 +625,12 @@ mod display {
 
     impl Display for Block {
         fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-            separate(&self.stmts, "\n")(f.delimit(BRACES))
+            let Self { stmts } = self;
+
+            match stmts.as_slice() {
+                [] => "{}".fmt(f),
+                stmts => separate(stmts, "\n")(f.delimit(BRACES)),
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -629,14 +642,13 @@ mod display {
 
     impl Display for Tuple {
         fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-            separate(&self.exprs, ", ")(f.delimit(INLINE_PARENS))
-        }
-    }
+            let Self { exprs } = self;
 
-    impl Display for Loop {
-        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-            let Self { body } = self;
-            write!(f, "loop {body}")
+            match exprs.as_slice() {
+                [] => write!(f, "()"),
+                [expr] => write!(f, "({expr},)"),
+                exprs => separate(exprs, ", ")(f.delimit(INLINE_PARENS)),
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -689,12 +701,6 @@ mod display {
             }
         }
     }
-
-    impl Display for Continue {
-        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-            "continue".fmt(f)
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 mod convert {
@@ -755,15 +761,16 @@ mod convert {
             TyFn => TyKind::Fn,
         }
         impl From for StmtKind {
-            Let => StmtKind::Local,
             Item => StmtKind::Item,
             Expr => StmtKind::Expr,
         }
         impl From for ExprKind {
+            Let => ExprKind::Let,
             Assign => ExprKind::Assign,
             Modify => ExprKind::Modify,
             Binary => ExprKind::Binary,
             Unary => ExprKind::Unary,
+            Cast => ExprKind::Cast,
             Member => ExprKind::Member,
             Index => ExprKind::Index,
             Path => ExprKind::Path,
@@ -774,13 +781,11 @@ mod convert {
             Block => ExprKind::Block,
             Group => ExprKind::Group,
             Tuple => ExprKind::Tuple,
-            Loop => ExprKind::Loop,
             While => ExprKind::While,
             If => ExprKind::If,
             For => ExprKind::For,
             Break => ExprKind::Break,
             Return => ExprKind::Return,
-            Continue => ExprKind::Continue,
         }
         impl From for Literal {
             bool => Literal::Bool,

compiler/cl-ast/src/ast_visitor/fold.rs

@@ -276,6 +276,10 @@ pub trait Fold {
     fn fold_unary_kind(&mut self, kind: UnaryKind) -> UnaryKind {
         kind
     }
+    fn fold_cast(&mut self, cast: Cast) -> Cast {
+        let Cast { head, ty } = cast;
+        Cast { head: Box::new(self.fold_expr_kind(*head)), ty: self.fold_ty(ty) }
+    }
     fn fold_member(&mut self, m: Member) -> Member {
         let Member { head, kind } = m;
         Member { head: Box::new(self.fold_expr_kind(*head)), kind: self.fold_member_kind(kind) }
@@ -334,10 +338,6 @@ pub trait Fold {
         let Tuple { exprs } = t;
         Tuple { exprs: exprs.into_iter().map(|e| self.fold_expr(e)).collect() }
     }
-    fn fold_loop(&mut self, l: Loop) -> Loop {
-        let Loop { body } = l;
-        Loop { body: Box::new(self.fold_expr(*body)) }
-    }
     fn fold_while(&mut self, w: While) -> While {
         let While { cond, pass, fail } = w;
         While {
@@ -375,10 +375,6 @@ pub trait Fold {
         let Return { body } = r;
         Return { body: body.map(|e| Box::new(self.fold_expr(*e))) }
     }
-    fn fold_continue(&mut self, c: Continue) -> Continue {
-        let Continue = c;
-        Continue
-    }
 }
 
 #[inline]
@@ -521,7 +517,6 @@ pub fn or_fold_ty_kind<F: Fold + ?Sized>(folder: &mut F, kind: TyKind) -> TyKind
 pub fn or_fold_stmt_kind<F: Fold + ?Sized>(folder: &mut F, kind: StmtKind) -> StmtKind {
     match kind {
         StmtKind::Empty => StmtKind::Empty,
-        StmtKind::Local(l) => StmtKind::Local(folder.fold_let(l)),
         StmtKind::Item(i) => StmtKind::Item(Box::new(folder.fold_item(*i))),
         StmtKind::Expr(e) => StmtKind::Expr(Box::new(folder.fold_expr(*e))),
     }
@@ -531,10 +526,12 @@ pub fn or_fold_stmt_kind<F: Fold + ?Sized>(folder: &mut F, kind: StmtKind) -> St
 pub fn or_fold_expr_kind<F: Fold + ?Sized>(folder: &mut F, kind: ExprKind) -> ExprKind {
     match kind {
         ExprKind::Empty => ExprKind::Empty,
+        ExprKind::Let(l) => ExprKind::Let(folder.fold_let(l)),
         ExprKind::Assign(a) => ExprKind::Assign(folder.fold_assign(a)),
         ExprKind::Modify(m) => ExprKind::Modify(folder.fold_modify(m)),
         ExprKind::Binary(b) => ExprKind::Binary(folder.fold_binary(b)),
         ExprKind::Unary(u) => ExprKind::Unary(folder.fold_unary(u)),
+        ExprKind::Cast(c) => ExprKind::Cast(folder.fold_cast(c)),
         ExprKind::Member(m) => ExprKind::Member(folder.fold_member(m)),
         ExprKind::Index(i) => ExprKind::Index(folder.fold_index(i)),
         ExprKind::Structor(s) => ExprKind::Structor(folder.fold_structor(s)),
@@ -546,13 +543,12 @@ pub fn or_fold_expr_kind<F: Fold + ?Sized>(folder: &mut F, kind: ExprKind) -> Ex
         ExprKind::Block(b) => ExprKind::Block(folder.fold_block(b)),
         ExprKind::Group(g) => ExprKind::Group(folder.fold_group(g)),
         ExprKind::Tuple(t) => ExprKind::Tuple(folder.fold_tuple(t)),
-        ExprKind::Loop(l) => ExprKind::Loop(folder.fold_loop(l)),
         ExprKind::While(w) => ExprKind::While(folder.fold_while(w)),
         ExprKind::If(i) => ExprKind::If(folder.fold_if(i)),
         ExprKind::For(f) => ExprKind::For(folder.fold_for(f)),
         ExprKind::Break(b) => ExprKind::Break(folder.fold_break(b)),
         ExprKind::Return(r) => ExprKind::Return(folder.fold_return(r)),
-        ExprKind::Continue(c) => ExprKind::Continue(folder.fold_continue(c)),
+        ExprKind::Continue => ExprKind::Continue,
     }
 }
 pub fn or_fold_member_kind<F: Fold + ?Sized>(folder: &mut F, kind: MemberKind) -> MemberKind {

compiler/cl-ast/src/ast_visitor/visit.rs

@@ -238,6 +238,11 @@ pub trait Visit<'a>: Sized {
         self.visit_expr_kind(tail);
     }
     fn visit_unary_kind(&mut self, _kind: &'a UnaryKind) {}
+    fn visit_cast(&mut self, cast: &'a Cast) {
+        let Cast { head, ty } = cast;
+        self.visit_expr_kind(head);
+        self.visit_ty(ty);
+    }
     fn visit_member(&mut self, m: &'a Member) {
         let Member { head, kind } = m;
         self.visit_expr_kind(head);
@@ -289,10 +294,6 @@ pub trait Visit<'a>: Sized {
         let Tuple { exprs } = t;
         exprs.iter().for_each(|e| self.visit_expr(e))
     }
-    fn visit_loop(&mut self, l: &'a Loop) {
-        let Loop { body } = l;
-        self.visit_expr(body)
-    }
     fn visit_while(&mut self, w: &'a While) {
         let While { cond, pass, fail } = w;
         self.visit_expr(cond);
@@ -330,9 +331,7 @@ pub trait Visit<'a>: Sized {
             self.visit_expr(body)
         }
     }
-    fn visit_continue(&mut self, c: &'a Continue) {
-        let Continue = c;
-    }
+    fn visit_continue(&mut self) {}
 }
 
 pub fn or_visit_literal<'a, V: Visit<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, l: &'a Literal) {
@@ -443,7 +442,6 @@ pub fn or_visit_ty_kind<'a, V: Visit<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, kind: &'a TyKind) {
 pub fn or_visit_stmt_kind<'a, V: Visit<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, kind: &'a StmtKind) {
     match kind {
         StmtKind::Empty => {}
-        StmtKind::Local(l) => visitor.visit_let(l),
         StmtKind::Item(i) => visitor.visit_item(i),
         StmtKind::Expr(e) => visitor.visit_expr(e),
     }
@@ -452,10 +450,12 @@ pub fn or_visit_stmt_kind<'a, V: Visit<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, kind: &'a StmtKind)
 pub fn or_visit_expr_kind<'a, V: Visit<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, e: &'a ExprKind) {
     match e {
         ExprKind::Empty => {}
+        ExprKind::Let(l) => visitor.visit_let(l),
         ExprKind::Assign(a) => visitor.visit_assign(a),
         ExprKind::Modify(m) => visitor.visit_modify(m),
         ExprKind::Binary(b) => visitor.visit_binary(b),
         ExprKind::Unary(u) => visitor.visit_unary(u),
+        ExprKind::Cast(c) => visitor.visit_cast(c),
         ExprKind::Member(m) => visitor.visit_member(m),
         ExprKind::Index(i) => visitor.visit_index(i),
         ExprKind::Structor(s) => visitor.visit_structor(s),
@@ -467,13 +467,12 @@ pub fn or_visit_expr_kind<'a, V: Visit<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, e: &'a ExprKind) {
         ExprKind::Block(b) => visitor.visit_block(b),
         ExprKind::Group(g) => visitor.visit_group(g),
         ExprKind::Tuple(t) => visitor.visit_tuple(t),
-        ExprKind::Loop(l) => visitor.visit_loop(l),
         ExprKind::While(w) => visitor.visit_while(w),
         ExprKind::If(i) => visitor.visit_if(i),
         ExprKind::For(f) => visitor.visit_for(f),
         ExprKind::Break(b) => visitor.visit_break(b),
         ExprKind::Return(r) => visitor.visit_return(r),
-        ExprKind::Continue(c) => visitor.visit_continue(c),
+        ExprKind::Continue => visitor.visit_continue(),
     }
 }
 pub fn or_visit_member_kind<'a, V: Visit<'a>>(visitor: &mut V, kind: &'a MemberKind) {

compiler/cl-ast/src/desugar/while_else.rs

@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ fn desugar_while(extents: Span, kind: ExprKind) -> ExprKind {
             let break_expr = Expr { extents: fail_span, kind: ExprKind::Break(Break { body }) };
 
             let loop_body = If { cond, pass, fail: Else { body: Some(Box::new(break_expr)) } };
-            let loop_body = Expr { extents, kind: ExprKind::If(loop_body) };
-            ExprKind::Loop(Loop { body: Box::new(loop_body) })
+            let loop_body = ExprKind::If(loop_body);
+            ExprKind::Unary(Unary { kind: UnaryKind::Loop, tail: Box::new(loop_body) })
         }
         _ => kind,
     }

compiler/cl-interpret/examples/conlang-run.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+//! A bare-minimum harness to evaluate a Conlang program
+
+use std::{error::Error, path::PathBuf};
+
+use cl_ast::Expr;
+use cl_interpret::{convalue::ConValue, env::Environment};
+use cl_lexer::Lexer;
+use cl_parser::{inliner::ModuleInliner, Parser};
+
+fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
+    let mut args = std::env::args();
+
+    let prog = args.next().unwrap();
+    let Some(path) = args.next().map(PathBuf::from) else {
+        println!("Usage: {prog} `file.cl` [ args... ]");
+        return Ok(());
+    };
+
+    let parent = path.parent().unwrap_or("".as_ref());
+
+    let code = std::fs::read_to_string(&path)?;
+    let code = Parser::new(Lexer::new(&code)).parse()?;
+    let code = match ModuleInliner::new(parent).inline(code) {
+        Ok(code) => code,
+        Err((code, ioerrs, perrs)) => {
+            for (p, err) in ioerrs {
+                eprintln!("{}:{err}", p.display());
+            }
+            for (p, err) in perrs {
+                eprintln!("{}:{err}", p.display());
+            }
+            code
+        }
+    };
+
+    let mut env = Environment::new();
+    env.eval(&code)?;
+
+    let main = "main".into();
+    if env.get(main).is_ok() {
+        let args = args
+            .flat_map(|arg| {
+                Parser::new(Lexer::new(&arg))
+                    .parse::<Expr>()
+                    .map(|arg| env.eval(&arg))
+            })
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+
+        match env.call(main, &args)? {
+            ConValue::Empty => {}
+            retval => println!("{retval}"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}

compiler/cl-interpret/src/builtin.rs

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ use cl_ast::Sym;
 use std::{
     io::{stdout, Write},
     rc::Rc,
+    slice,
 };
 
 builtins! {
@@ -57,6 +58,19 @@ builtins! {
         println!("{}", *env);
         Ok(ConValue::Empty)
     }
+
+    pub fn len<env, _>(list) -> IResult<ConValue> {
+        Ok(ConValue::Int(match list {
+            ConValue::Empty => 0,
+            ConValue::String(s) => s.chars().count() as _,
+            ConValue::Ref(r) => return len.call(env, slice::from_ref(r.as_ref())),
+            ConValue::Array(t) => t.len() as _,
+            ConValue::Tuple(t) => t.len() as _,
+            ConValue::RangeExc(start, end) => (end - start) as _,
+            ConValue::RangeInc(start, end) => (end - start + 1) as _,
+            _ => Err(Error::TypeError)?,
+        }))
+    }
 }
 builtins! {
     const BINARY;

compiler/cl-interpret/src/convalue.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+//! Values in the dynamically typed AST interpreter.
+//!
+//! The most permanent fix is a temporary one.
+use cl_ast::Sym;
+
+use super::{
+    error::{Error, IResult},
+    function::Function,
+    BuiltIn, Callable, Environment,
+};
+use std::{ops::*, rc::Rc};
+
+type Integer = isize;
+
+/// A Conlang value stores data in the interpreter
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
+pub enum ConValue {
+    /// The empty/unit `()` type
+    #[default]
+    Empty,
+    /// An integer
+    Int(Integer),
+    /// A boolean
+    Bool(bool),
+    /// A unicode character
+    Char(char),
+    /// A string
+    String(Sym),
+    /// A reference
+    Ref(Rc<ConValue>),
+    /// An Array
+    Array(Rc<[ConValue]>),
+    /// A tuple
+    Tuple(Rc<[ConValue]>),
+    /// An exclusive range
+    RangeExc(Integer, Integer),
+    /// An inclusive range
+    RangeInc(Integer, Integer),
+    /// A callable thing
+    Function(Function),
+    /// A built-in function
+    BuiltIn(&'static dyn BuiltIn),
+}
+impl ConValue {
+    /// Gets whether the current value is true or false
+    pub fn truthy(&self) -> IResult<bool> {
+        match self {
+            ConValue::Bool(v) => Ok(*v),
+            _ => Err(Error::TypeError)?,
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn range_exc(self, other: Self) -> IResult<Self> {
+        let (Self::Int(a), Self::Int(b)) = (self, other) else {
+            Err(Error::TypeError)?
+        };
+        Ok(Self::RangeExc(a, b.saturating_sub(1)))
+    }
+    pub fn range_inc(self, other: Self) -> IResult<Self> {
+        let (Self::Int(a), Self::Int(b)) = (self, other) else {
+            Err(Error::TypeError)?
+        };
+        Ok(Self::RangeInc(a, b))
+    }
+    pub fn index(&self, index: &Self) -> IResult<ConValue> {
+        let Self::Int(index) = index else {
+            Err(Error::TypeError)?
+        };
+        match self {
+            ConValue::String(string) => string
+                .chars()
+                .nth(*index as _)
+                .map(ConValue::Char)
+                .ok_or(Error::OobIndex(*index as usize, string.chars().count())),
+            ConValue::Array(arr) => arr
+                .get(*index as usize)
+                .cloned()
+                .ok_or(Error::OobIndex(*index as usize, arr.len())),
+            _ => Err(Error::TypeError),
+        }
+    }
+    cmp! {
+        lt: false, <;
+        lt_eq: true, <=;
+        eq: true, ==;
+        neq: false, !=;
+        gt_eq: true, >=;
+        gt: false, >;
+    }
+    assign! {
+        add_assign: +;
+        bitand_assign: &;
+        bitor_assign: |;
+        bitxor_assign: ^;
+        div_assign: /;
+        mul_assign: *;
+        rem_assign: %;
+        shl_assign: <<;
+        shr_assign: >>;
+        sub_assign: -;
+    }
+}
+
+impl Callable for ConValue {
+    fn name(&self) -> Sym {
+        match self {
+            ConValue::Function(func) => func.name(),
+            ConValue::BuiltIn(func) => func.name(),
+            _ => "".into(),
+        }
+    }
+    fn call(&self, interpreter: &mut Environment, args: &[ConValue]) -> IResult<ConValue> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Function(func) => func.call(interpreter, args),
+            Self::BuiltIn(func) => func.call(interpreter, args),
+            _ => Err(Error::NotCallable(self.clone())),
+        }
+    }
+}
+/// Templates comparison functions for [ConValue]
+macro cmp ($($fn:ident: $empty:literal, $op:tt);*$(;)?) {$(
+    /// TODO: Remove when functions are implemented:
+    ///       Desugar into function calls
+    pub fn $fn(&self, other: &Self) -> IResult<Self> {
+        match (self, other) {
+            (Self::Empty, Self::Empty) => Ok(Self::Bool($empty)),
+            (Self::Int(a), Self::Int(b)) => Ok(Self::Bool(a $op b)),
+            (Self::Bool(a), Self::Bool(b)) => Ok(Self::Bool(a $op b)),
+            (Self::Char(a), Self::Char(b)) => Ok(Self::Bool(a $op b)),
+            (Self::String(a), Self::String(b)) => Ok(Self::Bool(&**a $op &**b)),
+            _ => Err(Error::TypeError)
+        }
+    }
+)*}
+macro assign($( $fn: ident: $op: tt );*$(;)?) {$(
+    pub fn $fn(&mut self, other: Self) -> IResult<()> {
+        *self = (std::mem::take(self) $op other)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+)*}
+/// Implements [From] for an enum with 1-tuple variants
+macro from ($($T:ty => $v:expr),*$(,)?) {
+    $(impl From<$T> for ConValue {
+        fn from(value: $T) -> Self { $v(value.into()) }
+    })*
+}
+impl From<&Sym> for ConValue {
+    fn from(value: &Sym) -> Self {
+        ConValue::String(*value)
+    }
+}
+from! {
+    Integer => ConValue::Int,
+    bool => ConValue::Bool,
+    char => ConValue::Char,
+    Sym => ConValue::String,
+    &str => ConValue::String,
+    String => ConValue::String,
+    Rc<str> => ConValue::String,
+    Function => ConValue::Function,
+    Vec<ConValue> => ConValue::Tuple,
+    &'static dyn BuiltIn => ConValue::BuiltIn,
+}
+impl From<()> for ConValue {
+    fn from(_: ()) -> Self {
+        Self::Empty
+    }
+}
+impl From<&[ConValue]> for ConValue {
+    fn from(value: &[ConValue]) -> Self {
+        match value.len() {
+            0 => Self::Empty,
+            1 => value[0].clone(),
+            _ => Self::Tuple(value.into()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Implements binary [std::ops] traits for [ConValue]
+///
+/// TODO: Desugar operators into function calls
+macro ops($($trait:ty: $fn:ident = [$($match:tt)*])*) {
+    $(impl $trait for ConValue {
+        type Output = IResult<Self>;
+        /// TODO: Desugar operators into function calls
+        fn $fn(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {Ok(match (self, rhs) {$($match)*})}
+    })*
+}
+ops! {
+    Add: add = [
+        (ConValue::Empty, ConValue::Empty) => ConValue::Empty,
+        (ConValue::Int(a), ConValue::Int(b)) => ConValue::Int(a.wrapping_add(b)),
+        (ConValue::String(a), ConValue::String(b)) => (a.to_string() + &b.to_string()).into(),
+        (ConValue::String(s), ConValue::Char(c)) => { let mut s = s.to_string(); s.push(c); s.into() }
+        (ConValue::Char(a), ConValue::Char(b)) => {
+            ConValue::String([a, b].into_iter().collect::<String>().into())
+        }
+        _ => Err(Error::TypeError)?
+        ]
+    BitAnd: bitand = [
+        (ConValue::Empty, ConValue::Empty) => ConValue::Empty,
+        (ConValue::Int(a), ConValue::Int(b)) => ConValue::Int(a & b),
+        (ConValue::Bool(a), ConValue::Bool(b)) => ConValue::Bool(a & b),
+        _ => Err(Error::TypeError)?
+    ]
+    BitOr: bitor = [
+        (ConValue::Empty, ConValue::Empty) => ConValue::Empty,
+        (ConValue::Int(a), ConValue::Int(b)) => ConValue::Int(a | b),
+        (ConValue::Bool(a), ConValue::Bool(b)) => ConValue::Bool(a | b),
+        _ => Err(Error::TypeError)?
+    ]
+    BitXor: bitxor = [
+        (ConValue::Empty, ConValue::Empty) => ConValue::Empty,
+        (ConValue::Int(a), ConValue::Int(b)) => ConValue::Int(a ^ b),
+        (ConValue::Bool(a), ConValue::Bool(b)) => ConValue::Bool(a ^ b),
+        _ => Err(Error::TypeError)?
+    ]
+    Div: div = [
+        (ConValue::Empty, ConValue::Empty) => ConValue::Empty,
+        (ConValue::Int(a), ConValue::Int(b)) => ConValue::Int(a.checked_div(b).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+            eprintln!("Warning: Divide by zero in {a} / {b}"); a
+        })),
+        _ => Err(Error::TypeError)?
+    ]
+    Mul: mul = [
+        (ConValue::Empty, ConValue::Empty) => ConValue::Empty,
+        (ConValue::Int(a), ConValue::Int(b)) => ConValue::Int(a.wrapping_mul(b)),
+        _ => Err(Error::TypeError)?
+    ]
+    Rem: rem = [
+        (ConValue::Empty, ConValue::Empty) => ConValue::Empty,
+        (ConValue::Int(a), ConValue::Int(b)) => ConValue::Int(a.checked_rem(b).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+            eprintln!("Warning: Divide by zero in {a} % {b}"); a
+        })),
+        _ => Err(Error::TypeError)?
+    ]
+    Shl: shl = [
+        (ConValue::Empty, ConValue::Empty) => ConValue::Empty,
+        (ConValue::Int(a), ConValue::Int(b)) => ConValue::Int(a.wrapping_shl(b as _)),
+        _ => Err(Error::TypeError)?
+    ]
+    Shr: shr = [
+        (ConValue::Empty, ConValue::Empty) => ConValue::Empty,
+        (ConValue::Int(a), ConValue::Int(b)) => ConValue::Int(a.wrapping_shr(b as _)),
+        _ => Err(Error::TypeError)?
+    ]
+    Sub: sub = [
+        (ConValue::Empty, ConValue::Empty) => ConValue::Empty,
+        (ConValue::Int(a), ConValue::Int(b)) => ConValue::Int(a.wrapping_sub(b)),
+        _ => Err(Error::TypeError)?
+    ]
+}
+impl std::fmt::Display for ConValue {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            ConValue::Empty => "Empty".fmt(f),
+            ConValue::Int(v) => v.fmt(f),
+            ConValue::Bool(v) => v.fmt(f),
+            ConValue::Char(v) => v.fmt(f),
+            ConValue::String(v) => v.fmt(f),
+            ConValue::Ref(v) => write!(f, "&{v}"),
+            ConValue::Array(array) => {
+                '['.fmt(f)?;
+                for (idx, element) in array.iter().enumerate() {
+                    if idx > 0 {
+                        ", ".fmt(f)?
+                    }
+                    element.fmt(f)?
+                }
+                ']'.fmt(f)
+            }
+            ConValue::RangeExc(a, b) => write!(f, "{a}..{}", b + 1),
+            ConValue::RangeInc(a, b) => write!(f, "{a}..={b}"),
+            ConValue::Tuple(tuple) => {
+                '('.fmt(f)?;
+                for (idx, element) in tuple.iter().enumerate() {
+                    if idx > 0 {
+                        ", ".fmt(f)?
+                    }
+                    element.fmt(f)?
+                }
+                ')'.fmt(f)
+            }
+            ConValue::Function(func) => {
+                write!(f, "{}", func.decl())
+            }
+            ConValue::BuiltIn(func) => {
+                write!(f, "{}", func.description())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

compiler/cl-interpret/src/env.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+//! Lexical and non-lexical scoping for variables
+use super::{
+    builtin::{BINARY, MISC, RANGE, UNARY},
+    convalue::ConValue,
+    error::{Error, IResult},
+    function::Function,
+    BuiltIn, Callable, Interpret,
+};
+use cl_ast::{Function as FnDecl, Sym};
+use std::{
+    collections::HashMap,
+    fmt::Display,
+    ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
+};
+
+type StackFrame = HashMap<Sym, Option<ConValue>>;
+
+/// Implements a nested lexical scope
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct Environment {
+    frames: Vec<(StackFrame, &'static str)>,
+}
+
+impl Display for Environment {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        for (frame, name) in self.frames.iter().rev() {
+            writeln!(f, "--- {name} ---")?;
+            for (var, val) in frame {
+                write!(f, "{var}: ")?;
+                match val {
+                    Some(value) => writeln!(f, "\t{value}"),
+                    None => writeln!(f, "<undefined>"),
+                }?
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+impl Default for Environment {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            frames: vec![
+                (to_hashmap(RANGE), "range ops"),
+                (to_hashmap(UNARY), "unary ops"),
+                (to_hashmap(BINARY), "binary ops"),
+                (to_hashmap(MISC), "builtins"),
+                (HashMap::new(), "globals"),
+            ],
+        }
+    }
+}
+fn to_hashmap(from: &[&'static dyn BuiltIn]) -> HashMap<Sym, Option<ConValue>> {
+    from.iter().map(|&v| (v.name(), Some(v.into()))).collect()
+}
+
+impl Environment {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::default()
+    }
+    /// Creates an [Environment] with no [builtins](super::builtin)
+    pub fn no_builtins(name: &'static str) -> Self {
+        Self { frames: vec![(Default::default(), name)] }
+    }
+
+    pub fn eval(&mut self, node: &impl Interpret) -> IResult<ConValue> {
+        node.interpret(self)
+    }
+
+    /// Calls a function inside the interpreter's scope,
+    /// and returns the result
+    pub fn call(&mut self, name: Sym, args: &[ConValue]) -> IResult<ConValue> {
+        // FIXME: Clone to satisfy the borrow checker
+        let function = self.get(name)?.clone();
+        function.call(self, args)
+    }
+    /// Enters a nested scope, returning a [`Frame`] stack-guard.
+    ///
+    /// [`Frame`] implements Deref/DerefMut for [`Environment`].
+    pub fn frame(&mut self, name: &'static str) -> Frame {
+        Frame::new(self, name)
+    }
+    /// Resolves a variable mutably.
+    ///
+    /// Returns a mutable reference to the variable's record, if it exists.
+    pub fn get_mut(&mut self, id: Sym) -> IResult<&mut Option<ConValue>> {
+        for (frame, _) in self.frames.iter_mut().rev() {
+            if let Some(var) = frame.get_mut(&id) {
+                return Ok(var);
+            }
+        }
+        Err(Error::NotDefined(id))
+    }
+    /// Resolves a variable immutably.
+    ///
+    /// Returns a reference to the variable's contents, if it is defined and initialized.
+    pub fn get(&self, id: Sym) -> IResult<ConValue> {
+        for (frame, _) in self.frames.iter().rev() {
+            match frame.get(&id) {
+                Some(Some(var)) => return Ok(var.clone()),
+                Some(None) => return Err(Error::NotInitialized(id)),
+                _ => (),
+            }
+        }
+        Err(Error::NotDefined(id))
+    }
+    /// Inserts a new [ConValue] into this [Environment]
+    pub fn insert(&mut self, id: Sym, value: Option<ConValue>) {
+        if let Some((frame, _)) = self.frames.last_mut() {
+            frame.insert(id, value);
+        }
+    }
+    /// A convenience function for registering a [FnDecl] as a [Function]
+    pub fn insert_fn(&mut self, decl: &FnDecl) {
+        let FnDecl { name, .. } = decl;
+        let (name, function) = (name, Some(Function::new(decl).into()));
+        if let Some((frame, _)) = self.frames.last_mut() {
+            frame.insert(*name, function);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Functions which aid in the implementation of [`Frame`]
+impl Environment {
+    /// Enters a scope, creating a new namespace for variables
+    fn enter(&mut self, name: &'static str) -> &mut Self {
+        self.frames.push((Default::default(), name));
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Exits the scope, destroying all local variables and
+    /// returning the outer scope, if there is one
+    fn exit(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
+        if self.frames.len() > 2 {
+            self.frames.pop();
+        }
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// Represents a stack frame
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Frame<'scope> {
+    scope: &'scope mut Environment,
+}
+impl<'scope> Frame<'scope> {
+    fn new(scope: &'scope mut Environment, name: &'static str) -> Self {
+        Self { scope: scope.enter(name) }
+    }
+}
+impl<'scope> Deref for Frame<'scope> {
+    type Target = Environment;
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        self.scope
+    }
+}
+impl<'scope> DerefMut for Frame<'scope> {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+        self.scope
+    }
+}
+impl<'scope> Drop for Frame<'scope> {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        self.scope.exit();
+    }
+}

compiler/cl-interpret/src/error.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+//! The [Error] type represents any error thrown by the [Environment](super::Environment)
+
+use cl_ast::Sym;
+
+use super::convalue::ConValue;
+
+pub type IResult<T> = Result<T, Error>;
+
+/// Represents any error thrown by the [Environment](super::Environment)
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub enum Error {
+    /// Propagate a Return value
+    Return(ConValue),
+    /// Propagate a Break value
+    Break(ConValue),
+    /// Break propagated across function bounds
+    BadBreak(ConValue),
+    /// Continue to the next iteration of a loop
+    Continue,
+    /// Underflowed the stack
+    StackUnderflow,
+    /// Exited the last scope
+    ScopeExit,
+    /// Type incompatibility
+    // TODO: store the type information in this error
+    TypeError,
+    /// In clause of For loop didn't yield a Range
+    NotIterable,
+    /// A value could not be indexed
+    NotIndexable,
+    /// An array index went out of bounds
+    OobIndex(usize, usize),
+    /// An expression is not assignable
+    NotAssignable,
+    /// A name was not defined in scope before being used
+    NotDefined(Sym),
+    /// A name was defined but not initialized
+    NotInitialized(Sym),
+    /// A value was called, but is not callable
+    NotCallable(ConValue),
+    /// A function was called with the wrong number of arguments
+    ArgNumber {
+        want: usize,
+        got: usize,
+    },
+    Outlined(Sym),
+}
+
+impl std::error::Error for Error {}
+impl std::fmt::Display for Error {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Error::Return(value) => write!(f, "return {value}"),
+            Error::Break(value) => write!(f, "break {value}"),
+            Error::BadBreak(value) => write!(f, "rogue break: {value}"),
+            Error::Continue => "continue".fmt(f),
+            Error::StackUnderflow => "Stack underflow".fmt(f),
+            Error::ScopeExit => "Exited the last scope. This is a logic bug.".fmt(f),
+            Error::TypeError => "Incompatible types".fmt(f),
+            Error::NotIterable => "`in` clause of `for` loop did not yield an iterable".fmt(f),
+            Error::NotIndexable => {
+                write!(f, "expression cannot be indexed")
+            }
+            Error::OobIndex(idx, len) => {
+                write!(f, "Index out of bounds: index was {idx}. but len is {len}")
+            }
+            Error::NotAssignable => {
+                write!(f, "expression is not assignable")
+            }
+            Error::NotDefined(value) => {
+                write!(f, "{value} not bound. Did you mean `let {value};`?")
+            }
+            Error::NotInitialized(value) => {
+                write!(f, "{value} bound, but not initialized")
+            }
+            Error::NotCallable(value) => {
+                write!(f, "{value} is not callable.")
+            }
+            Error::ArgNumber { want, got } => {
+                write!(
+                    f,
+                    "Expected {want} argument{}, got {got}",
+                    if *want == 1 { "" } else { "s" }
+                )
+            }
+            Error::Outlined(name) => {
+                write!(f, "Module {name} specified, but not imported.")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

compiler/cl-interpret/src/function.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+//! Represents a block of code which lives inside the Interpreter
+
+use super::{Callable, ConValue, Environment, Error, IResult, Interpret};
+use cl_ast::{Function as FnDecl, Param, Sym};
+use std::rc::Rc;
+/// Represents a block of code which persists inside the Interpreter
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct Function {
+    /// Stores the contents of the function declaration
+    decl: Rc<FnDecl>,
+    // /// Stores the enclosing scope of the function
+    // env: Box<Environment>,
+}
+
+impl Function {
+    pub fn new(decl: &FnDecl) -> Self {
+        Self { decl: decl.clone().into() }
+    }
+    pub fn decl(&self) -> &FnDecl {
+        &self.decl
+    }
+}
+
+impl Callable for Function {
+    fn name(&self) -> Sym {
+        let FnDecl { name, .. } = *self.decl;
+        name
+    }
+    fn call(&self, env: &mut Environment, args: &[ConValue]) -> IResult<ConValue> {
+        let FnDecl { name, bind, body, sign: _ } = &*self.decl;
+        // Check arg mapping
+        if args.len() != bind.len() {
+            return Err(Error::ArgNumber { want: bind.len(), got: args.len() });
+        }
+        let Some(body) = body else {
+            return Err(Error::NotDefined(*name));
+        };
+        // TODO: completely refactor data storage
+        let mut frame = env.frame("fn args");
+        for (Param { mutability: _, name }, value) in bind.iter().zip(args) {
+            frame.insert(*name, Some(value.clone()));
+        }
+        match body.interpret(&mut frame) {
+            Err(Error::Return(value)) => Ok(value),
+            Err(Error::Break(value)) => Err(Error::BadBreak(value)),
+            result => result,
+        }
+    }
+}

compiler/cl-interpret/src/interpret.rs

@@ -105,7 +105,6 @@ impl Interpret for Stmt {
         let Self { extents: _, kind, semi } = self;
         let out = match kind {
             StmtKind::Empty => ConValue::Empty,
-            StmtKind::Local(stmt) => stmt.interpret(env)?,
             StmtKind::Item(stmt) => stmt.interpret(env)?,
             StmtKind::Expr(stmt) => stmt.interpret(env)?,
         };
@@ -134,10 +133,12 @@ impl Interpret for ExprKind {
     fn interpret(&self, env: &mut Environment) -> IResult<ConValue> {
         match self {
             ExprKind::Empty => Ok(ConValue::Empty),
+            ExprKind::Let(v) => v.interpret(env),
             ExprKind::Assign(v) => v.interpret(env),
             ExprKind::Modify(v) => v.interpret(env),
             ExprKind::Binary(v) => v.interpret(env),
             ExprKind::Unary(v) => v.interpret(env),
+            ExprKind::Cast(v) => v.interpret(env),
             ExprKind::Member(v) => v.interpret(env),
             ExprKind::Index(v) => v.interpret(env),
             ExprKind::Structor(v) => v.interpret(env),
@@ -149,13 +150,12 @@ impl Interpret for ExprKind {
             ExprKind::Block(v) => v.interpret(env),
             ExprKind::Group(v) => v.interpret(env),
             ExprKind::Tuple(v) => v.interpret(env),
-            ExprKind::Loop(v) => v.interpret(env),
             ExprKind::While(v) => v.interpret(env),
             ExprKind::If(v) => v.interpret(env),
             ExprKind::For(v) => v.interpret(env),
             ExprKind::Break(v) => v.interpret(env),
             ExprKind::Return(v) => v.interpret(env),
-            ExprKind::Continue(v) => v.interpret(env),
+            ExprKind::Continue => Err(Error::Continue),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -321,12 +321,28 @@ impl Interpret for Binary {
 impl Interpret for Unary {
     fn interpret(&self, env: &mut Environment) -> IResult<ConValue> {
         let Unary { kind, tail } = self;
-        let operand = tail.interpret(env)?;
         match kind {
-            UnaryKind::Deref => env.call("deref".into(), &[operand]),
-            UnaryKind::Neg => env.call("neg".into(), &[operand]),
-            UnaryKind::Not => env.call("not".into(), &[operand]),
+            UnaryKind::Loop => loop {
+                match tail.interpret(env) {
+                    Err(Error::Break(value)) => return Ok(value),
+                    Err(Error::Continue) => continue,
+                    e => e?,
+                };
+            },
+            UnaryKind::Deref => {
+                let operand = tail.interpret(env)?;
+                env.call("deref".into(), &[operand])
+            }
+            UnaryKind::Neg => {
+                let operand = tail.interpret(env)?;
+                env.call("neg".into(), &[operand])
+            }
+            UnaryKind::Not => {
+                let operand = tail.interpret(env)?;
+                env.call("not".into(), &[operand])
+            }
             UnaryKind::At => {
+                let operand = tail.interpret(env)?;
                 println!("{operand}");
                 Ok(operand)
             }
@@ -334,6 +350,48 @@ impl Interpret for Unary {
         }
     }
 }
+
+fn cast(value: ConValue, ty: Sym) -> IResult<ConValue> {
+    let value = match value {
+        ConValue::Empty => 0,
+        ConValue::Int(i) => i as _,
+        ConValue::Bool(b) => b as _,
+        ConValue::Char(c) => c as _,
+        ConValue::Ref(v) => return cast((*v).clone(), ty),
+        _ => Err(Error::TypeError)?,
+    };
+    Ok(match &*ty {
+        "u8" => ConValue::Int(value as u8 as _),
+        "i8" => ConValue::Int(value as i8 as _),
+        "u16" => ConValue::Int(value as u16 as _),
+        "i16" => ConValue::Int(value as i16 as _),
+        "u32" => ConValue::Int(value as u32 as _),
+        "i32" => ConValue::Int(value as i32 as _),
+        "u64" => ConValue::Int(value),
+        "i64" => ConValue::Int(value),
+        "char" => ConValue::Char(char::from_u32(value as _).unwrap_or('\u{fffd}')),
+        "bool" => ConValue::Bool(value < 0),
+        _ => Err(Error::NotDefined(ty))?,
+    })
+}
+
+impl Interpret for Cast {
+    fn interpret(&self, env: &mut Environment) -> IResult<ConValue> {
+        let Cast { head, ty } = self;
+        let value = head.interpret(env)?;
+        if TyKind::Empty == ty.kind {
+            return Ok(ConValue::Empty);
+        };
+        let TyKind::Path(Path { absolute: false, parts }) = &ty.kind else {
+            Err(Error::TypeError)?
+        };
+        match parts.as_slice() {
+            [PathPart::Ident(ty)] => cast(value, *ty),
+            _ => Err(Error::TypeError),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl Interpret for Member {
     fn interpret(&self, env: &mut Environment) -> IResult<ConValue> {
         let Member { head, kind } = self;
@@ -461,18 +519,6 @@ impl Interpret for Tuple {
         ))
     }
 }
-impl Interpret for Loop {
-    fn interpret(&self, env: &mut Environment) -> IResult<ConValue> {
-        let Self { body } = self;
-        loop {
-            match body.interpret(env) {
-                Err(Error::Break(value)) => return Ok(value),
-                Err(Error::Continue) => continue,
-                e => e?,
-            };
-        }
-    }
-}
 impl Interpret for While {
     fn interpret(&self, env: &mut Environment) -> IResult<ConValue> {
         let Self { cond, pass, fail } = self;
@@ -532,11 +578,6 @@ impl Interpret for Else {
         }
     }
 }
-impl Interpret for Continue {
-    fn interpret(&self, _env: &mut Environment) -> IResult<ConValue> {
-        Err(Error::Continue)
-    }
-}
 impl Interpret for Return {
     fn interpret(&self, env: &mut Environment) -> IResult<ConValue> {
         let Self { body } = self;

compiler/cl-interpret/src/lib.rs

@@ -22,611 +22,17 @@ pub trait BuiltIn: std::fmt::Debug + Callable {
     fn description(&self) -> &str;
 }
 
-pub mod convalue {
-    //! Values in the dynamically typed AST interpreter.
-    //!
-    //! The most permanent fix is a temporary one.
-    use cl_ast::Sym;
-
-    use super::{
-        error::{Error, IResult},
-        function::Function,
-        BuiltIn, Callable, Environment,
-    };
-    use std::{ops::*, rc::Rc};
-
-    type Integer = isize;
-
-    /// A Conlang value stores data in the interpreter
-    #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
-    pub enum ConValue {
-        /// The empty/unit `()` type
-        #[default]
-        Empty,
-        /// An integer
-        Int(Integer),
-        /// A boolean
-        Bool(bool),
-        /// A unicode character
-        Char(char),
-        /// A string
-        String(Sym),
-        /// A reference
-        Ref(Rc<ConValue>),
-        /// An Array
-        Array(Rc<[ConValue]>),
-        /// A tuple
-        Tuple(Rc<[ConValue]>),
-        /// An exclusive range
-        RangeExc(Integer, Integer),
-        /// An inclusive range
-        RangeInc(Integer, Integer),
-        /// A callable thing
-        Function(Function),
-        /// A built-in function
-        BuiltIn(&'static dyn BuiltIn),
-    }
-    impl ConValue {
-        /// Gets whether the current value is true or false
-        pub fn truthy(&self) -> IResult<bool> {
-            match self {
-                ConValue::Bool(v) => Ok(*v),
-                _ => Err(Error::TypeError)?,
-            }
-        }
-        pub fn range_exc(self, other: Self) -> IResult<Self> {
-            let (Self::Int(a), Self::Int(b)) = (self, other) else {
-                Err(Error::TypeError)?
-            };
-            Ok(Self::RangeExc(a, b.saturating_sub(1)))
-        }
-        pub fn range_inc(self, other: Self) -> IResult<Self> {
-            let (Self::Int(a), Self::Int(b)) = (self, other) else {
-                Err(Error::TypeError)?
-            };
-            Ok(Self::RangeInc(a, b))
-        }
-        pub fn index(&self, index: &Self) -> IResult<ConValue> {
-            let Self::Int(index) = index else {
-                Err(Error::TypeError)?
-            };
-            let Self::Array(arr) = self else {
-                Err(Error::TypeError)?
-            };
-            arr.get(*index as usize)
-                .cloned()
-                .ok_or(Error::OobIndex(*index as usize, arr.len()))
-        }
-        cmp! {
-            lt: false, <;
-            lt_eq: true, <=;
-            eq: true, ==;
-            neq: false, !=;
-            gt_eq: true, >=;
-            gt: false, >;
-        }
-        assign! {
-            add_assign: +;
-            bitand_assign: &;
-            bitor_assign: |;
-            bitxor_assign: ^;
-            div_assign: /;
-            mul_assign: *;
-            rem_assign: %;
-            shl_assign: <<;
-            shr_assign: >>;
-            sub_assign: -;
-        }
-    }
-
-    impl Callable for ConValue {
-        fn name(&self) -> Sym {
-            match self {
-                ConValue::Function(func) => func.name(),
-                ConValue::BuiltIn(func) => func.name(),
-                _ => "".into(),
-            }
-        }
-        fn call(&self, interpreter: &mut Environment, args: &[ConValue]) -> IResult<ConValue> {
-            match self {
-                Self::Function(func) => func.call(interpreter, args),
-                Self::BuiltIn(func) => func.call(interpreter, args),
-                _ => Err(Error::NotCallable(self.clone())),
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    /// Templates comparison functions for [ConValue]
-    macro cmp ($($fn:ident: $empty:literal, $op:tt);*$(;)?) {$(
-        /// TODO: Remove when functions are implemented:
-        ///       Desugar into function calls
-        pub fn $fn(&self, other: &Self) -> IResult<Self> {
-            match (self, other) {
-                (Self::Empty, Self::Empty) => Ok(Self::Bool($empty)),
-                (Self::Int(a), Self::Int(b)) => Ok(Self::Bool(a $op b)),
-                (Self::Bool(a), Self::Bool(b)) => Ok(Self::Bool(a $op b)),
-                (Self::Char(a), Self::Char(b)) => Ok(Self::Bool(a $op b)),
-                (Self::String(a), Self::String(b)) => Ok(Self::Bool(&**a $op &**b)),
-                _ => Err(Error::TypeError)
-            }
-        }
-    )*}
-    macro assign($( $fn: ident: $op: tt );*$(;)?) {$(
-        pub fn $fn(&mut self, other: Self) -> IResult<()> {
-            *self = (std::mem::take(self) $op other)?;
-            Ok(())
-        }
-    )*}
-    /// Implements [From] for an enum with 1-tuple variants
-    macro from ($($T:ty => $v:expr),*$(,)?) {
-        $(impl From<$T> for ConValue {
-            fn from(value: $T) -> Self { $v(value.into()) }
-        })*
-    }
-    impl From<&Sym> for ConValue {
-        fn from(value: &Sym) -> Self {
-            ConValue::String(*value)
-        }
-    }
-    from! {
-        Integer => ConValue::Int,
-        bool => ConValue::Bool,
-        char => ConValue::Char,
-        Sym => ConValue::String,
-        &str => ConValue::String,
-        String => ConValue::String,
-        Rc<str> => ConValue::String,
-        Function => ConValue::Function,
-        Vec<ConValue> => ConValue::Tuple,
-        &'static dyn BuiltIn => ConValue::BuiltIn,
-    }
-    impl From<()> for ConValue {
-        fn from(_: ()) -> Self {
-            Self::Empty
-        }
-    }
-    impl From<&[ConValue]> for ConValue {
-        fn from(value: &[ConValue]) -> Self {
-            match value.len() {
-                0 => Self::Empty,
-                1 => value[0].clone(),
-                _ => Self::Tuple(value.into()),
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Implements binary [std::ops] traits for [ConValue]
-    ///
-    /// TODO: Desugar operators into function calls
-    macro ops($($trait:ty: $fn:ident = [$($match:tt)*])*) {
-        $(impl $trait for ConValue {
-            type Output = IResult<Self>;
-            /// TODO: Desugar operators into function calls
-            fn $fn(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {Ok(match (self, rhs) {$($match)*})}
-        })*
-    }
-    ops! {
-        Add: add = [
-            (ConValue::Empty, ConValue::Empty) => ConValue::Empty,
-            (ConValue::Int(a), ConValue::Int(b)) => ConValue::Int(a.wrapping_add(b)),
-            (ConValue::String(a), ConValue::String(b)) => (a.to_string() + &b.to_string()).into(),
-            (ConValue::String(s), ConValue::Char(c)) => { let mut s = s.to_string(); s.push(c); s.into() }
-            (ConValue::Char(a), ConValue::Char(b)) => {
-                ConValue::String([a, b].into_iter().collect::<String>().into())
-            }
-            _ => Err(Error::TypeError)?
-            ]
-        BitAnd: bitand = [
-            (ConValue::Empty, ConValue::Empty) => ConValue::Empty,
-            (ConValue::Int(a), ConValue::Int(b)) => ConValue::Int(a & b),
-            (ConValue::Bool(a), ConValue::Bool(b)) => ConValue::Bool(a & b),
-            _ => Err(Error::TypeError)?
-        ]
-        BitOr: bitor = [
-            (ConValue::Empty, ConValue::Empty) => ConValue::Empty,
-            (ConValue::Int(a), ConValue::Int(b)) => ConValue::Int(a | b),
-            (ConValue::Bool(a), ConValue::Bool(b)) => ConValue::Bool(a | b),
-            _ => Err(Error::TypeError)?
-        ]
-        BitXor: bitxor = [
-            (ConValue::Empty, ConValue::Empty) => ConValue::Empty,
-            (ConValue::Int(a), ConValue::Int(b)) => ConValue::Int(a ^ b),
-            (ConValue::Bool(a), ConValue::Bool(b)) => ConValue::Bool(a ^ b),
-            _ => Err(Error::TypeError)?
-        ]
-        Div: div = [
-            (ConValue::Empty, ConValue::Empty) => ConValue::Empty,
-            (ConValue::Int(a), ConValue::Int(b)) => ConValue::Int(a.checked_div(b).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-                eprintln!("Warning: Divide by zero in {a} / {b}"); a
-            })),
-            _ => Err(Error::TypeError)?
-        ]
-        Mul: mul = [
-            (ConValue::Empty, ConValue::Empty) => ConValue::Empty,
-            (ConValue::Int(a), ConValue::Int(b)) => ConValue::Int(a.wrapping_mul(b)),
-            _ => Err(Error::TypeError)?
-        ]
-        Rem: rem = [
-            (ConValue::Empty, ConValue::Empty) => ConValue::Empty,
-            (ConValue::Int(a), ConValue::Int(b)) => ConValue::Int(a.checked_rem(b).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-                eprintln!("Warning: Divide by zero in {a} % {b}"); a
-            })),
-            _ => Err(Error::TypeError)?
-        ]
-        Shl: shl = [
-            (ConValue::Empty, ConValue::Empty) => ConValue::Empty,
-            (ConValue::Int(a), ConValue::Int(b)) => ConValue::Int(a.wrapping_shl(b as _)),
-            _ => Err(Error::TypeError)?
-        ]
-        Shr: shr = [
-            (ConValue::Empty, ConValue::Empty) => ConValue::Empty,
-            (ConValue::Int(a), ConValue::Int(b)) => ConValue::Int(a.wrapping_shr(b as _)),
-            _ => Err(Error::TypeError)?
-        ]
-        Sub: sub = [
-            (ConValue::Empty, ConValue::Empty) => ConValue::Empty,
-            (ConValue::Int(a), ConValue::Int(b)) => ConValue::Int(a.wrapping_sub(b)),
-            _ => Err(Error::TypeError)?
-        ]
-    }
-    impl std::fmt::Display for ConValue {
-        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-            match self {
-                ConValue::Empty => "Empty".fmt(f),
-                ConValue::Int(v) => v.fmt(f),
-                ConValue::Bool(v) => v.fmt(f),
-                ConValue::Char(v) => v.fmt(f),
-                ConValue::String(v) => v.fmt(f),
-                ConValue::Ref(v) => write!(f, "&{v}"),
-                ConValue::Array(array) => {
-                    '['.fmt(f)?;
-                    for (idx, element) in array.iter().enumerate() {
-                        if idx > 0 {
-                            ", ".fmt(f)?
-                        }
-                        element.fmt(f)?
-                    }
-                    ']'.fmt(f)
-                }
-                ConValue::RangeExc(a, b) => write!(f, "{a}..{}", b + 1),
-                ConValue::RangeInc(a, b) => write!(f, "{a}..={b}"),
-                ConValue::Tuple(tuple) => {
-                    '('.fmt(f)?;
-                    for (idx, element) in tuple.iter().enumerate() {
-                        if idx > 0 {
-                            ", ".fmt(f)?
-                        }
-                        element.fmt(f)?
-                    }
-                    ')'.fmt(f)
-                }
-                ConValue::Function(func) => {
-                    write!(f, "{}", func.decl())
-                }
-                ConValue::BuiltIn(func) => {
-                    write!(f, "{}", func.description())
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
+pub mod convalue;
 
 pub mod interpret;
 
-pub mod function {
-    //! Represents a block of code which lives inside the Interpreter
-
-    use super::{Callable, ConValue, Environment, Error, IResult, Interpret};
-    use cl_ast::{Function as FnDecl, Param, Sym};
-    use std::rc::Rc;
-    /// Represents a block of code which persists inside the Interpreter
-    #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-    pub struct Function {
-        /// Stores the contents of the function declaration
-        decl: Rc<FnDecl>,
-        // /// Stores the enclosing scope of the function
-        // env: Box<Environment>,
-    }
-
-    impl Function {
-        pub fn new(decl: &FnDecl) -> Self {
-            Self { decl: decl.clone().into() }
-        }
-        pub fn decl(&self) -> &FnDecl {
-            &self.decl
-        }
-    }
-
-    impl Callable for Function {
-        fn name(&self) -> Sym {
-            let FnDecl { name, .. } = *self.decl;
-            name
-        }
-        fn call(&self, env: &mut Environment, args: &[ConValue]) -> IResult<ConValue> {
-            let FnDecl { name, bind, body, sign: _ } = &*self.decl;
-            // Check arg mapping
-            if args.len() != bind.len() {
-                return Err(Error::ArgNumber { want: bind.len(), got: args.len() });
-            }
-            let Some(body) = body else {
-                return Err(Error::NotDefined(*name));
-            };
-            // TODO: completely refactor data storage
-            let mut frame = env.frame("fn args");
-            for (Param { mutability: _, name }, value) in bind.iter().zip(args) {
-                frame.insert(*name, Some(value.clone()));
-            }
-            match body.interpret(&mut frame) {
-                Err(Error::Return(value)) => Ok(value),
-                Err(Error::Break(value)) => Err(Error::BadBreak(value)),
-                result => result,
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
+pub mod function;
 
 pub mod builtin;
 
-pub mod env {
-    //! Lexical and non-lexical scoping for variables
-    use super::{
-        builtin::{BINARY, MISC, RANGE, UNARY},
-        convalue::ConValue,
-        error::{Error, IResult},
-        function::Function,
-        BuiltIn, Callable, Interpret,
-    };
-    use cl_ast::{Function as FnDecl, Sym};
-    use std::{
-        collections::HashMap,
-        fmt::Display,
-        ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
-    };
+pub mod env;
 
-    type StackFrame = HashMap<Sym, Option<ConValue>>;
-
-    /// Implements a nested lexical scope
-    #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-    pub struct Environment {
-        frames: Vec<(StackFrame, &'static str)>,
-    }
-
-    impl Display for Environment {
-        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-            for (frame, name) in self.frames.iter().rev() {
-                writeln!(f, "--- {name} ---")?;
-                for (var, val) in frame {
-                    write!(f, "{var}: ")?;
-                    match val {
-                        Some(value) => writeln!(f, "\t{value}"),
-                        None => writeln!(f, "<undefined>"),
-                    }?
-                }
-            }
-            Ok(())
-        }
-    }
-    impl Default for Environment {
-        fn default() -> Self {
-            Self {
-                frames: vec![
-                    (to_hashmap(RANGE), "range ops"),
-                    (to_hashmap(UNARY), "unary ops"),
-                    (to_hashmap(BINARY), "binary ops"),
-                    (to_hashmap(MISC), "builtins"),
-                    (HashMap::new(), "globals"),
-                ],
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    fn to_hashmap(from: &[&'static dyn BuiltIn]) -> HashMap<Sym, Option<ConValue>> {
-        from.iter().map(|&v| (v.name(), Some(v.into()))).collect()
-    }
-
-    impl Environment {
-        pub fn new() -> Self {
-            Self::default()
-        }
-        /// Creates an [Environment] with no [builtins](super::builtin)
-        pub fn no_builtins(name: &'static str) -> Self {
-            Self { frames: vec![(Default::default(), name)] }
-        }
-
-        pub fn eval(&mut self, node: &impl Interpret) -> IResult<ConValue> {
-            node.interpret(self)
-        }
-
-        /// Calls a function inside the interpreter's scope,
-        /// and returns the result
-        pub fn call(&mut self, name: Sym, args: &[ConValue]) -> IResult<ConValue> {
-            // FIXME: Clone to satisfy the borrow checker
-            let function = self.get(name)?.clone();
-            function.call(self, args)
-        }
-        /// Enters a nested scope, returning a [`Frame`] stack-guard.
-        ///
-        /// [`Frame`] implements Deref/DerefMut for [`Environment`].
-        pub fn frame(&mut self, name: &'static str) -> Frame {
-            Frame::new(self, name)
-        }
-        /// Resolves a variable mutably.
-        ///
-        /// Returns a mutable reference to the variable's record, if it exists.
-        pub fn get_mut(&mut self, id: Sym) -> IResult<&mut Option<ConValue>> {
-            for (frame, _) in self.frames.iter_mut().rev() {
-                if let Some(var) = frame.get_mut(&id) {
-                    return Ok(var);
-                }
-            }
-            Err(Error::NotDefined(id))
-        }
-        /// Resolves a variable immutably.
-        ///
-        /// Returns a reference to the variable's contents, if it is defined and initialized.
-        pub fn get(&self, id: Sym) -> IResult<ConValue> {
-            for (frame, _) in self.frames.iter().rev() {
-                match frame.get(&id) {
-                    Some(Some(var)) => return Ok(var.clone()),
-                    Some(None) => return Err(Error::NotInitialized(id)),
-                    _ => (),
-                }
-            }
-            Err(Error::NotDefined(id))
-        }
-        /// Inserts a new [ConValue] into this [Environment]
-        pub fn insert(&mut self, id: Sym, value: Option<ConValue>) {
-            if let Some((frame, _)) = self.frames.last_mut() {
-                frame.insert(id, value);
-            }
-        }
-        /// A convenience function for registering a [FnDecl] as a [Function]
-        pub fn insert_fn(&mut self, decl: &FnDecl) {
-            let FnDecl { name, .. } = decl;
-            let (name, function) = (name, Some(Function::new(decl).into()));
-            if let Some((frame, _)) = self.frames.last_mut() {
-                frame.insert(*name, function);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Functions which aid in the implementation of [`Frame`]
-    impl Environment {
-        /// Enters a scope, creating a new namespace for variables
-        fn enter(&mut self, name: &'static str) -> &mut Self {
-            self.frames.push((Default::default(), name));
-            self
-        }
-
-        /// Exits the scope, destroying all local variables and
-        /// returning the outer scope, if there is one
-        fn exit(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
-            if self.frames.len() > 2 {
-                self.frames.pop();
-            }
-            self
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Represents a stack frame
-    #[derive(Debug)]
-    pub struct Frame<'scope> {
-        scope: &'scope mut Environment,
-    }
-    impl<'scope> Frame<'scope> {
-        fn new(scope: &'scope mut Environment, name: &'static str) -> Self {
-            Self { scope: scope.enter(name) }
-        }
-    }
-    impl<'scope> Deref for Frame<'scope> {
-        type Target = Environment;
-        fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
-            self.scope
-        }
-    }
-    impl<'scope> DerefMut for Frame<'scope> {
-        fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
-            self.scope
-        }
-    }
-    impl<'scope> Drop for Frame<'scope> {
-        fn drop(&mut self) {
-            self.scope.exit();
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-pub mod error {
-    //! The [Error] type represents any error thrown by the [Environment](super::Environment)
-
-    use cl_ast::Sym;
-
-    use super::convalue::ConValue;
-
-    pub type IResult<T> = Result<T, Error>;
-
-    /// Represents any error thrown by the [Environment](super::Environment)
-    #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-    pub enum Error {
-        /// Propagate a Return value
-        Return(ConValue),
-        /// Propagate a Break value
-        Break(ConValue),
-        /// Break propagated across function bounds
-        BadBreak(ConValue),
-        /// Continue to the next iteration of a loop
-        Continue,
-        /// Underflowed the stack
-        StackUnderflow,
-        /// Exited the last scope
-        ScopeExit,
-        /// Type incompatibility
-        // TODO: store the type information in this error
-        TypeError,
-        /// In clause of For loop didn't yield a Range
-        NotIterable,
-        /// A value could not be indexed
-        NotIndexable,
-        /// An array index went out of bounds
-        OobIndex(usize, usize),
-        /// An expression is not assignable
-        NotAssignable,
-        /// A name was not defined in scope before being used
-        NotDefined(Sym),
-        /// A name was defined but not initialized
-        NotInitialized(Sym),
-        /// A value was called, but is not callable
-        NotCallable(ConValue),
-        /// A function was called with the wrong number of arguments
-        ArgNumber {
-            want: usize,
-            got: usize,
-        },
-        Outlined(Sym),
-    }
-
-    impl std::error::Error for Error {}
-    impl std::fmt::Display for Error {
-        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-            match self {
-                Error::Return(value) => write!(f, "return {value}"),
-                Error::Break(value) => write!(f, "break {value}"),
-                Error::BadBreak(value) => write!(f, "rogue break: {value}"),
-                Error::Continue => "continue".fmt(f),
-                Error::StackUnderflow => "Stack underflow".fmt(f),
-                Error::ScopeExit => "Exited the last scope. This is a logic bug.".fmt(f),
-                Error::TypeError => "Incompatible types".fmt(f),
-                Error::NotIterable => "`in` clause of `for` loop did not yield an iterable".fmt(f),
-                Error::NotIndexable => {
-                    write!(f, "expression cannot be indexed")
-                }
-                Error::OobIndex(idx, len) => {
-                    write!(f, "Index out of bounds: index was {idx}. but len is {len}")
-                }
-                Error::NotAssignable => {
-                    write!(f, "expression is not assignable")
-                }
-                Error::NotDefined(value) => {
-                    write!(f, "{value} not bound. Did you mean `let {value};`?")
-                }
-                Error::NotInitialized(value) => {
-                    write!(f, "{value} bound, but not initialized")
-                }
-                Error::NotCallable(value) => {
-                    write!(f, "{value} is not callable.")
-                }
-                Error::ArgNumber { want, got } => {
-                    write!(
-                        f,
-                        "Expected {want} argument{}, got {got}",
-                        if *want == 1 { "" } else { "s" }
-                    )
-                }
-                Error::Outlined(name) => {
-                    write!(f, "Module {name} specified, but not imported.")
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
+pub mod error;
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests;

compiler/cl-interpret/src/tests.rs

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ mod macros {
     //! ```
     #![allow(unused_macros)]
     use crate::IResult;
+    use cl_parser::parser::Parse;
 
     use super::*;
 
@@ -63,14 +64,14 @@ mod macros {
     ///
     /// Returns a `Result<`[`File`]`, ParseError>`
     pub macro file($($t:tt)*) {
-        Parser::new(Lexer::new(stringify!( $($t)* ))).file()
+        File::parse(&mut Parser::new(Lexer::new(stringify!( $($t)* ))))
     }
 
     /// Stringifies, lexes, and parses everything you give to it
     ///
     /// Returns a `Result<`[`Block`]`, ParseError>`
     pub macro block($($t:tt)*) {
-        Parser::new(Lexer::new(stringify!({ $($t)* }))).block()
+        Block::parse(&mut Parser::new(Lexer::new(stringify!({ $($t)* }))))
     }
 
     /// Evaluates a block of code in the given environment

compiler/cl-lexer/src/lib.rs

@@ -97,33 +97,33 @@ impl<'t> Lexer<'t> {
     /// Scans through the text, searching for the next [Token]
     pub fn scan(&mut self) -> LResult<Token> {
         match self.skip_whitespace().peek()? {
-            '{' => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::LCurly),
-            '}' => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::RCurly),
-            '[' => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::LBrack),
-            ']' => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::RBrack),
-            '(' => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::LParen),
-            ')' => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::RParen),
+            '{' => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::LCurly),
+            '}' => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::RCurly),
+            '[' => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::LBrack),
+            ']' => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::RBrack),
+            '(' => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::LParen),
+            ')' => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::RParen),
             '&' => self.consume()?.amp(),
-            '@' => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::At),
-            '\\' => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::Backslash),
+            '@' => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::At),
+            '\\' => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::Backslash),
             '!' => self.consume()?.bang(),
             '|' => self.consume()?.bar(),
             ':' => self.consume()?.colon(),
-            ',' => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::Comma),
+            ',' => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::Comma),
             '.' => self.consume()?.dot(),
             '=' => self.consume()?.equal(),
-            '`' => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::Grave),
+            '`' => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::Grave),
             '>' => self.consume()?.greater(),
             '#' => self.consume()?.hash(),
             '<' => self.consume()?.less(),
             '-' => self.consume()?.minus(),
             '+' => self.consume()?.plus(),
-            '?' => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::Question),
+            '?' => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::Question),
             '%' => self.consume()?.rem(),
-            ';' => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::Semi),
+            ';' => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::Semi),
             '/' => self.consume()?.slash(),
             '*' => self.consume()?.star(),
-            '~' => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::Tilde),
+            '~' => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::Tilde),
             '^' => self.consume()?.xor(),
             '0' => self.consume()?.int_with_base(),
             '1'..='9' => self.digits::<10>(),
@@ -157,14 +157,14 @@ impl<'t> Lexer<'t> {
             .copied()
             .ok_or(Error::end_of_file(self.line(), self.col()))
     }
-    fn produce(&mut self, kind: TokenKind, data: impl Into<TokenData>) -> LResult<Token> {
+    fn produce(&mut self, kind: Kind, data: impl Into<TokenData>) -> LResult<Token> {
         let loc = self.start_loc;
         self.start_loc = self.current_loc;
         self.start = self.current;
         Ok(Token::new(kind, data, loc.0, loc.1))
     }
-    fn produce_op(&mut self, kind: Punct) -> LResult<Token> {
-        self.produce(TokenKind::Punct(kind), ())
+    fn produce_op(&mut self, kind: Kind) -> LResult<Token> {
+        self.produce(kind, ())
     }
     fn skip_whitespace(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
         while let Ok(c) = self.peek() {
@@ -195,138 +195,147 @@ impl<'t> Lexer<'t> {
 impl<'t> Lexer<'t> {
     fn amp(&mut self) -> LResult<Token> {
         match self.peek() {
-            Ok('&') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::AmpAmp),
-            Ok('=') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::AmpEq),
-            _ => self.produce_op(Punct::Amp),
+            Ok('&') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::AmpAmp),
+            Ok('=') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::AmpEq),
+            _ => self.produce_op(Kind::Amp),
         }
     }
     fn bang(&mut self) -> LResult<Token> {
         match self.peek() {
-            Ok('!') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::BangBang),
-            Ok('=') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::BangEq),
-            _ => self.produce_op(Punct::Bang),
+            Ok('!') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::BangBang),
+            Ok('=') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::BangEq),
+            _ => self.produce_op(Kind::Bang),
         }
     }
     fn bar(&mut self) -> LResult<Token> {
         match self.peek() {
-            Ok('|') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::BarBar),
-            Ok('=') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::BarEq),
-            _ => self.produce_op(Punct::Bar),
+            Ok('|') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::BarBar),
+            Ok('=') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::BarEq),
+            _ => self.produce_op(Kind::Bar),
         }
     }
     fn colon(&mut self) -> LResult<Token> {
         match self.peek() {
-            Ok(':') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::ColonColon),
-            _ => self.produce_op(Punct::Colon),
+            Ok(':') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::ColonColon),
+            _ => self.produce_op(Kind::Colon),
         }
     }
     fn dot(&mut self) -> LResult<Token> {
         match self.peek() {
             Ok('.') => {
                 if let Ok('=') = self.consume()?.peek() {
-                    self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::DotDotEq)
+                    self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::DotDotEq)
                 } else {
-                    self.produce_op(Punct::DotDot)
+                    self.produce_op(Kind::DotDot)
                 }
             }
-            _ => self.produce_op(Punct::Dot),
+            _ => self.produce_op(Kind::Dot),
         }
     }
     fn equal(&mut self) -> LResult<Token> {
         match self.peek() {
-            Ok('=') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::EqEq),
-            Ok('>') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::FatArrow),
-            _ => self.produce_op(Punct::Eq),
+            Ok('=') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::EqEq),
+            Ok('>') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::FatArrow),
+            _ => self.produce_op(Kind::Eq),
         }
     }
     fn greater(&mut self) -> LResult<Token> {
         match self.peek() {
-            Ok('=') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::GtEq),
+            Ok('=') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::GtEq),
             Ok('>') => {
                 if let Ok('=') = self.consume()?.peek() {
-                    self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::GtGtEq)
+                    self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::GtGtEq)
                 } else {
-                    self.produce_op(Punct::GtGt)
+                    self.produce_op(Kind::GtGt)
                 }
             }
-            _ => self.produce_op(Punct::Gt),
+            _ => self.produce_op(Kind::Gt),
         }
     }
     fn hash(&mut self) -> LResult<Token> {
         match self.peek() {
-            Ok('!') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::HashBang),
-            _ => self.produce_op(Punct::Hash),
+            Ok('!') => self.consume()?.hashbang(),
+            _ => self.produce_op(Kind::Hash),
+        }
+    }
+    fn hashbang(&mut self) -> LResult<Token> {
+        match self.peek() {
+            Ok('/' | '\'') => self.line_comment(),
+            _ => self.produce_op(Kind::HashBang),
         }
     }
     fn less(&mut self) -> LResult<Token> {
         match self.peek() {
-            Ok('=') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::LtEq),
+            Ok('=') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::LtEq),
             Ok('<') => {
                 if let Ok('=') = self.consume()?.peek() {
-                    self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::LtLtEq)
+                    self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::LtLtEq)
                 } else {
-                    self.produce_op(Punct::LtLt)
+                    self.produce_op(Kind::LtLt)
                 }
             }
-            _ => self.produce_op(Punct::Lt),
+            _ => self.produce_op(Kind::Lt),
         }
     }
     fn minus(&mut self) -> LResult<Token> {
         match self.peek() {
-            Ok('=') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::MinusEq),
-            Ok('>') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::Arrow),
-            _ => self.produce_op(Punct::Minus),
+            Ok('=') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::MinusEq),
+            Ok('>') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::Arrow),
+            _ => self.produce_op(Kind::Minus),
         }
     }
     fn plus(&mut self) -> LResult<Token> {
         match self.peek() {
-            Ok('=') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::PlusEq),
-            _ => self.produce_op(Punct::Plus),
+            Ok('=') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::PlusEq),
+            _ => self.produce_op(Kind::Plus),
         }
     }
     fn rem(&mut self) -> LResult<Token> {
         match self.peek() {
-            Ok('=') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::RemEq),
-            _ => self.produce_op(Punct::Rem),
+            Ok('=') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::RemEq),
+            _ => self.produce_op(Kind::Rem),
         }
     }
     fn slash(&mut self) -> LResult<Token> {
         match self.peek() {
-            Ok('=') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::SlashEq),
+            Ok('=') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::SlashEq),
             Ok('/') => self.consume()?.line_comment(),
             Ok('*') => self.consume()?.block_comment(),
-            _ => self.produce_op(Punct::Slash),
+            _ => self.produce_op(Kind::Slash),
         }
     }
     fn star(&mut self) -> LResult<Token> {
         match self.peek() {
-            Ok('=') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::StarEq),
-            _ => self.produce_op(Punct::Star),
+            Ok('=') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::StarEq),
+            _ => self.produce_op(Kind::Star),
         }
     }
     fn xor(&mut self) -> LResult<Token> {
         match self.peek() {
-            Ok('=') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::XorEq),
-            Ok('^') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Punct::XorXor),
-            _ => self.produce_op(Punct::Xor),
+            Ok('=') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::XorEq),
+            Ok('^') => self.consume()?.produce_op(Kind::XorXor),
+            _ => self.produce_op(Kind::Xor),
         }
     }
 }
 /// Comments
 impl<'t> Lexer<'t> {
     fn line_comment(&mut self) -> LResult<Token> {
+        let mut comment = String::new();
         while Ok('\n') != self.peek() {
-            self.consume()?;
+            comment.push(self.next()?);
         }
-        self.produce(Kind::Comment, ())
+        self.produce(Kind::Comment, comment)
     }
     fn block_comment(&mut self) -> LResult<Token> {
+        let mut comment = String::new();
         while let Ok(c) = self.next() {
-            if '*' == c && Ok('/') == self.next() {
+            if '*' == c && Ok('/') == self.peek() {
                 break;
             }
+            comment.push(c);
         }
-        self.produce(Kind::Comment, ())
+        self.consume()?.produce(Kind::Comment, comment)
     }
 }
 /// Identifiers

compiler/cl-lexer/src/tests.rs

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ mod string {
 }
 mod punct {
     macro op($op:ident) {
-        TokenKind::Punct(Punct::$op)
+        TokenKind::$op
     }
 
     use super::*;

compiler/cl-parser/src/error.rs

@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ pub enum Parsing {
     BinaryKind,
     Unary,
     UnaryKind,
+    Cast,
     Index,
     Structor,
     Fielder,
@@ -204,6 +205,7 @@ impl Display for Parsing {
             Parsing::BinaryKind => "a binary operator",
             Parsing::Unary => "a unary expression",
             Parsing::UnaryKind => "a unary operator",
+            Parsing::Cast => "an `as`-casting expression",
             Parsing::Index => "an indexing expression",
             Parsing::Structor => "a struct constructor expression",
             Parsing::Fielder => "a struct field expression",

compiler/cl-parser/src/inliner.rs

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ impl Fold for ModuleInliner {
             Ok(file) => file,
         };
 
-        let kind = match Parser::new(Lexer::new(&file)).file() {
+        let kind = match Parser::new(Lexer::new(&file)).parse() {
             Err(e) => return self.handle_parse_error(e),
             Ok(file) => ModuleKind::Inline(file),
         };

compiler/cl-parser/src/parser/prec.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+//! Parses an [ExprKind] using a modified pratt parser
+//!
+//! See also: [Expr::parse], [ExprKind::parse]
+//!
+//! Implementer's note: [ExprKind::parse] is the public API for parsing [ExprKind]s.
+//! Do not call it from within this function.
+
+use super::{Parse, *};
+
+/// Parses an [ExprKind]
+pub fn exprkind(p: &mut Parser, power: u8) -> PResult<ExprKind> {
+    let parsing = Parsing::ExprKind;
+
+    // Prefix expressions
+    let mut head = match p.peek_kind(Parsing::Unary)? {
+        literal_like!() => Literal::parse(p)?.into(),
+        path_like!() => exprkind_pathlike(p)?,
+        TokenKind::Amp | TokenKind::AmpAmp => AddrOf::parse(p)?.into(),
+        TokenKind::LCurly => Block::parse(p)?.into(),
+        TokenKind::LBrack => exprkind_arraylike(p)?,
+        TokenKind::LParen => exprkind_tuplelike(p)?,
+        TokenKind::Let => Let::parse(p)?.into(),
+        TokenKind::While => ExprKind::While(While::parse(p)?),
+        TokenKind::If => ExprKind::If(If::parse(p)?),
+        TokenKind::For => ExprKind::For(For::parse(p)?),
+        TokenKind::Break => ExprKind::Break(Break::parse(p)?),
+        TokenKind::Return => ExprKind::Return(Return::parse(p)?),
+        TokenKind::Continue => {
+            p.consume_peeked();
+            ExprKind::Continue
+        }
+
+        op => {
+            let (kind, prec) =
+                from_prefix(op).ok_or_else(|| p.error(Unexpected(op), parsing))?;
+            let ((), after) = prec.prefix().expect("should have a precedence");
+            p.consume_peeked();
+            Unary { kind, tail: exprkind(p, after)?.into() }.into()
+        }
+    };
+
+    fn from_postfix(op: TokenKind) -> Option<Precedence> {
+        Some(match op {
+            TokenKind::LBrack => Precedence::Index,
+            TokenKind::LParen => Precedence::Call,
+            TokenKind::Dot => Precedence::Member,
+            _ => None?,
+        })
+    }
+
+    while let Ok(op) = p.peek_kind(parsing) {
+        // Postfix expressions
+        if let Some((before, ())) = from_postfix(op).and_then(Precedence::postfix) {
+            if before < power {
+                break;
+            }
+            p.consume_peeked();
+
+            head = match op {
+                TokenKind::LBrack => {
+                    let indices =
+                        sep(Expr::parse, TokenKind::Comma, TokenKind::RBrack, parsing)(p)?;
+                    p.match_type(TokenKind::RBrack, parsing)?;
+                    ExprKind::Index(Index { head: head.into(), indices })
+                }
+                TokenKind::LParen => {
+                    let exprs =
+                        sep(Expr::parse, TokenKind::Comma, TokenKind::RParen, parsing)(p)?;
+                    p.match_type(TokenKind::RParen, parsing)?;
+                    Binary {
+                        kind: BinaryKind::Call,
+                        parts: (head, Tuple { exprs }.into()).into(),
+                    }
+                    .into()
+                }
+                TokenKind::Dot => {
+                    let kind = MemberKind::parse(p)?;
+                    Member { head: Box::new(head), kind }.into()
+                }
+                _ => Err(p.error(Unexpected(op), parsing))?,
+            };
+            continue;
+        }
+        // infix expressions
+        if let Some((kind, prec)) = from_infix(op) {
+            let (before, after) = prec.infix().expect("should have a precedence");
+            if before < power {
+                break;
+            }
+            p.consume_peeked();
+
+            let tail = exprkind(p, after)?;
+            head = Binary { kind, parts: (head, tail).into() }.into();
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if let Some((kind, prec)) = from_modify(op) {
+            let (before, after) = prec.infix().expect("should have a precedence");
+            if before < power {
+                break;
+            }
+            p.consume_peeked();
+
+            let tail = exprkind(p, after)?;
+            head = Modify { kind, parts: (head, tail).into() }.into();
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if let TokenKind::Eq = op {
+            let (before, after) = Precedence::Assign
+                .infix()
+                .expect("should have a precedence");
+            if before < power {
+                break;
+            }
+            p.consume_peeked();
+
+            let tail = exprkind(p, after)?;
+            head = Assign { parts: (head, tail).into() }.into();
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if let TokenKind::As = op {
+            let before = Precedence::Cast.level();
+            if before < power {
+                break;
+            }
+            p.consume_peeked();
+
+            let ty = Ty::parse(p)?;
+            head = Cast { head: head.into(), ty }.into();
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        break;
+    }
+
+    Ok(head)
+}
+
+/// [Array] = '[' ([Expr] ',')* [Expr]? ']'
+///
+/// Array and ArrayRef are ambiguous until the second token,
+/// so they can't be independent subexpressions
+fn exprkind_arraylike(p: &mut Parser) -> PResult<ExprKind> {
+    const P: Parsing = Parsing::Array;
+    const START: TokenKind = TokenKind::LBrack;
+    const END: TokenKind = TokenKind::RBrack;
+
+    p.match_type(START, P)?;
+    let out = match p.peek_kind(P)? {
+        END => Array { values: vec![] }.into(),
+        _ => exprkind_array_rep(p)?,
+    };
+    p.match_type(END, P)?;
+    Ok(out)
+}
+
+/// [ArrayRep] = `[` [Expr] `;` [Expr] `]`
+fn exprkind_array_rep(p: &mut Parser) -> PResult<ExprKind> {
+    const P: Parsing = Parsing::Array;
+    const END: TokenKind = TokenKind::RBrack;
+
+    let first = Expr::parse(p)?;
+    Ok(match p.peek_kind(P)? {
+        TokenKind::Semi => ArrayRep {
+            value: first.kind.into(),
+            repeat: {
+                p.consume_peeked();
+                Box::new(exprkind(p, 0)?)
+            },
+        }
+        .into(),
+        TokenKind::RBrack => Array { values: vec![first] }.into(),
+        TokenKind::Comma => Array {
+            values: {
+                p.consume_peeked();
+                let mut out = vec![first];
+                out.extend(sep(Expr::parse, TokenKind::Comma, END, P)(p)?);
+                out
+            },
+        }
+        .into(),
+        ty => Err(p.error(Unexpected(ty), P))?,
+    })
+}
+
+/// [Group] = `(`([Empty](ExprKind::Empty)|[Expr]|[Tuple])`)`
+///
+/// [ExprKind::Empty] and [Group] are special cases of [Tuple]
+fn exprkind_tuplelike(p: &mut Parser) -> PResult<ExprKind> {
+    p.match_type(TokenKind::LParen, Parsing::Group)?;
+    let out = match p.peek_kind(Parsing::Group)? {
+        TokenKind::RParen => Ok(ExprKind::Empty),
+        _ => exprkind_group(p),
+    };
+    p.match_type(TokenKind::RParen, Parsing::Group)?;
+    out
+}
+
+/// [Group] = `(`([Empty](ExprKind::Empty)|[Expr]|[Tuple])`)`
+fn exprkind_group(p: &mut Parser) -> PResult<ExprKind> {
+    let first = Expr::parse(p)?;
+    match p.peek_kind(Parsing::Group)? {
+        TokenKind::Comma => {
+            let mut exprs = vec![first];
+            p.consume_peeked();
+            while TokenKind::RParen != p.peek_kind(Parsing::Tuple)? {
+                exprs.push(Expr::parse(p)?);
+                match p.peek_kind(Parsing::Tuple)? {
+                    TokenKind::Comma => p.consume_peeked(),
+                    _ => break,
+                };
+            }
+            Ok(Tuple { exprs }.into())
+        }
+        _ => Ok(Group { expr: first.kind.into() }.into()),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parses an expression beginning with a [Path] (i.e. [Path] or [Structor])
+fn exprkind_pathlike(p: &mut Parser) -> PResult<ExprKind> {
+    let head = Path::parse(p)?;
+    Ok(match p.match_type(TokenKind::Colon, Parsing::Path) {
+        Ok(_) => ExprKind::Structor(structor_body(p, head)?),
+        Err(_) => ExprKind::Path(head),
+    })
+}
+
+/// [Structor]Body = `{` ([Fielder] `,`)* [Fielder]? `}`
+fn structor_body(p: &mut Parser, to: Path) -> PResult<Structor> {
+    let init = delim(
+        sep(
+            Fielder::parse,
+            TokenKind::Comma,
+            CURLIES.1,
+            Parsing::Structor,
+        ),
+        CURLIES,
+        Parsing::Structor,
+    )(p)?;
+
+    Ok(Structor { to, init })
+}
+
+/// Precedence provides a total ordering among operators
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum Precedence {
+    Assign,
+    Compare,
+    Range,
+    Logic,
+    Bitwise,
+    Shift,
+    Factor,
+    Term,
+    Unary,
+    Index,
+    Cast,
+    Member, // left-associative
+    Call,
+}
+
+impl Precedence {
+    #[inline]
+    pub const fn level(self) -> u8 {
+        (self as u8) << 1
+    }
+
+    pub fn prefix(self) -> Option<((), u8)> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Assign => Some(((), self.level())),
+            Self::Unary => Some(((), self.level())),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn infix(self) -> Option<(u8, u8)> {
+        let level = self.level();
+        match self {
+            Self::Unary => None,
+            Self::Assign => Some((level + 1, level)),
+            _ => Some((level, level + 1)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn postfix(self) -> Option<(u8, ())> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Index | Self::Call | Self::Member => Some((self.level(), ())),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<ModifyKind> for Precedence {
+    fn from(_value: ModifyKind) -> Self {
+        Precedence::Assign
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<BinaryKind> for Precedence {
+    fn from(value: BinaryKind) -> Self {
+        use BinaryKind as Op;
+        match value {
+            Op::Call => Precedence::Call,
+            Op::Mul | Op::Div | Op::Rem => Precedence::Term,
+            Op::Add | Op::Sub => Precedence::Factor,
+            Op::Shl | Op::Shr => Precedence::Shift,
+            Op::BitAnd | Op::BitOr | Op::BitXor => Precedence::Bitwise,
+            Op::LogAnd | Op::LogOr | Op::LogXor => Precedence::Logic,
+            Op::RangeExc | Op::RangeInc => Precedence::Range,
+            Op::Lt | Op::LtEq | Op::Equal | Op::NotEq | Op::GtEq | Op::Gt => {
+                Precedence::Compare
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<UnaryKind> for Precedence {
+    fn from(value: UnaryKind) -> Self {
+        use UnaryKind as Op;
+        match value {
+            Op::Loop => Precedence::Assign,
+            Op::Deref | Op::Neg | Op::Not | Op::At | Op::Tilde => Precedence::Unary,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Creates helper functions for turning TokenKinds into AST operators
+macro operator($($name:ident ($takes:ident => $returns:ident) {$($t:ident => $p:ident),*$(,)?};)*) {$(
+    pub fn $name (value: $takes) -> Option<($returns, Precedence)> {
+        match value {
+            $($takes::$t => Some(($returns::$p, Precedence::from($returns::$p))),)*
+            _ => None?,
+        }
+    })*
+}
+
+operator! {
+    from_prefix (TokenKind => UnaryKind) {
+        Loop => Loop,
+        Star => Deref,
+        Minus => Neg,
+        Bang => Not,
+        At => At,
+        Tilde => Tilde,
+    };
+
+    from_modify(TokenKind => ModifyKind) {
+        AmpEq => And,
+        BarEq => Or,
+        XorEq => Xor,
+        LtLtEq => Shl,
+        GtGtEq => Shr,
+        PlusEq => Add,
+        MinusEq => Sub,
+        StarEq => Mul,
+        SlashEq => Div,
+        RemEq => Rem,
+    };
+
+    from_infix (TokenKind => BinaryKind) {
+        Lt => Lt,
+        LtEq => LtEq,
+        EqEq => Equal,
+        BangEq => NotEq,
+        GtEq => GtEq,
+        Gt => Gt,
+        DotDot => RangeExc,
+        DotDotEq => RangeInc,
+        AmpAmp => LogAnd,
+        BarBar => LogOr,
+        XorXor => LogXor,
+        Amp => BitAnd,
+        Bar => BitOr,
+        Xor => BitXor,
+        LtLt => Shl,
+        GtGt => Shr,
+        Plus => Add,
+        Minus => Sub,
+        Star => Mul,
+        Slash => Div,
+        Rem => Rem,
+    };
+}

compiler/cl-repl/examples/yaml.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 //! Pretty prints a conlang AST in yaml
 
+use cl_ast::Stmt;
 use cl_lexer::Lexer;
 use cl_parser::Parser;
 use repline::{error::Error as RlError, Repline};
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
         };
 
         let mut parser = Parser::new(Lexer::new(&line));
-        let code = match parser.stmt() {
+        let code = match parser.parse::<Stmt>() {
             Ok(code) => {
                 rl.accept();
                 code
@@ -363,7 +364,6 @@ pub mod yamlify {
         fn yaml(&self, y: &mut Yamler) {
             match self {
                 StmtKind::Empty => y,
-                StmtKind::Local(s) => y.yaml(s),
                 StmtKind::Item(s) => y.yaml(s),
                 StmtKind::Expr(s) => y.yaml(s),
             };
@@ -388,10 +388,12 @@ pub mod yamlify {
     impl Yamlify for ExprKind {
         fn yaml(&self, y: &mut Yamler) {
             match self {
+                ExprKind::Let(k) => k.yaml(y),
                 ExprKind::Assign(k) => k.yaml(y),
                 ExprKind::Modify(k) => k.yaml(y),
                 ExprKind::Binary(k) => k.yaml(y),
                 ExprKind::Unary(k) => k.yaml(y),
+                ExprKind::Cast(k) => k.yaml(y),
                 ExprKind::Member(k) => k.yaml(y),
                 ExprKind::Index(k) => k.yaml(y),
                 ExprKind::Structor(k) => k.yaml(y),
@@ -404,13 +406,14 @@ pub mod yamlify {
                 ExprKind::Empty => {}
                 ExprKind::Group(k) => k.yaml(y),
                 ExprKind::Tuple(k) => k.yaml(y),
-                ExprKind::Loop(k) => k.yaml(y),
                 ExprKind::While(k) => k.yaml(y),
                 ExprKind::If(k) => k.yaml(y),
                 ExprKind::For(k) => k.yaml(y),
                 ExprKind::Break(k) => k.yaml(y),
                 ExprKind::Return(k) => k.yaml(y),
-                ExprKind::Continue(k) => k.yaml(y),
+                ExprKind::Continue => {
+                    y.key("Continue");
+                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -461,6 +464,12 @@ pub mod yamlify {
             y.value(self);
         }
     }
+    impl Yamlify for Cast {
+        fn yaml(&self, y: &mut Yamler) {
+            let Self { head, ty } = self;
+            y.key("Cast").pair("head", head).pair("ty", ty);
+        }
+    }
     impl Yamlify for Member {
         fn yaml(&self, y: &mut Yamler) {
             let Self { head, kind } = self;
@@ -529,12 +538,6 @@ pub mod yamlify {
             y.key("Group").yaml(expr);
         }
     }
-    impl Yamlify for Loop {
-        fn yaml(&self, y: &mut Yamler) {
-            let Self { body } = self;
-            y.key("Loop").yaml(body);
-        }
-    }
     impl Yamlify for While {
         fn yaml(&self, y: &mut Yamler) {
             let Self { cond, pass, fail } = self;
@@ -578,11 +581,6 @@ pub mod yamlify {
             y.key("Return").yaml(body);
         }
     }
-    impl Yamlify for Continue {
-        fn yaml(&self, y: &mut Yamler) {
-            y.key("Continue");
-        }
-    }
     impl Yamlify for Literal {
         fn yaml(&self, y: &mut Yamler) {
             y.value(format_args!("\"{self}\""));

compiler/cl-repl/src/args.rs

@@ -35,6 +35,10 @@ argwerk::define! {
     [#[option] path] if file.is_none() => {
         file = path.map(Into::into);
     }
+
+    [path] if file.is_some() => {
+        include.push(path.into());
+    }
 }
 
 /// gets whether stdin AND stdout are a terminal, for pipelining

compiler/cl-repl/src/cli.rs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use crate::{
     menu,
     tools::print_token,
 };
+use cl_ast::File;
 use cl_interpret::{convalue::ConValue, env::Environment, interpret::Interpret};
 use cl_lexer::Lexer;
 use cl_parser::Parser;
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ fn load_file(env: &mut Environment, path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<ConValue,
     let inliner =
         cl_parser::inliner::ModuleInliner::new(path.as_ref().parent().unwrap_or(Path::new("")));
     let file = std::fs::read_to_string(path)?;
-    let code = Parser::new(Lexer::new(&file)).file()?;
+    let code = Parser::new(Lexer::new(&file)).parse()?;
     let code = match inliner.inline(code) {
         Ok(a) => a,
         Err((code, io_errs, parse_errs)) => {
@@ -79,13 +80,13 @@ fn lex_code(code: &str, path: Option<impl AsRef<Path>>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Er
 }
 
 fn fmt_code(code: &str) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
-    let code = Parser::new(Lexer::new(code)).file()?;
+    let code = Parser::new(Lexer::new(code)).parse::<File>()?;
     println!("{code}");
     Ok(())
 }
 
 fn run_code(code: &str, env: &mut Environment) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
-    let code = Parser::new(Lexer::new(code)).file()?;
+    let code = Parser::new(Lexer::new(code)).parse::<File>()?;
     match code.interpret(env)? {
         ConValue::Empty => {}
         ret => println!("{ret}"),

compiler/cl-repl/src/menu.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use crate::{ansi, ctx};
+use cl_ast::Stmt;
 use cl_lexer::Lexer;
 use cl_parser::Parser;
 use repline::{error::ReplResult, prebaked::*};
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ pub fn run(ctx: &mut ctx::Context) -> ReplResult<()> {
     use cl_parser::inliner::ModuleInliner;
 
     read_and(ansi::CYAN, "cl>", " ?>", |line| {
-        let code = Parser::new(Lexer::new(line)).stmt()?;
+        let code = Parser::new(Lexer::new(line)).parse::<Stmt>()?;
         let code = ModuleInliner::new(".").fold_stmt(code);
 
         print!("{}", ansi::OUTPUT);
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ pub fn fmt(_ctx: &mut ctx::Context) -> ReplResult<()> {
     read_and(ansi::BRIGHT_MAGENTA, "cl>", " ?>", |line| {
         let mut p = Parser::new(Lexer::new(line));
 
-        match p.stmt() {
+        match p.parse::<Stmt>() {
             Ok(code) => println!("{}{code}{}", ansi::OUTPUT, ansi::RESET),
             Err(e) => Err(e)?,
         }

compiler/cl-structures/src/intern.rs

@@ -185,6 +185,24 @@ pub mod string_interner {
         }
     }
 
+    impl std::fmt::Display for StringInterner<'_> {
+        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+            let Ok(keys) = self.keys.read() else {
+                return write!(f, "Could not lock StringInterner key map.");
+            };
+            let mut keys: Vec<_> = keys.iter().collect();
+            keys.sort();
+
+            writeln!(f, "Keys:")?;
+            for (idx, key) in keys.iter().enumerate() {
+                writeln!(f, "{idx}:\t\"{key}\"")?
+            }
+            writeln!(f, "Count: {}", keys.len())?;
+
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+
     // # Safety:
     // This is fine because StringInterner::get_or_insert(v) holds a RwLock
     // for its entire duration, and doesn't touch the non-(Send+Sync) arena

compiler/cl-token/src/lib.rs

@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@ pub mod token_type;
 
 pub use token::Token;
 pub use token_data::TokenData;
-pub use token_type::{Punct, TokenKind};
+pub use token_type::TokenKind;

compiler/cl-token/src/token_type.rs

@@ -13,41 +13,35 @@ pub enum TokenKind {
     /// A non-keyword identifier
     Identifier,
     // A keyword
-    As,
-    Break,
-    Cl,
-    Const,
-    Continue,
-    Else,
-    Enum,
-    False,
-    For,
-    Fn,
-    If,
-    Impl,
-    In,
-    Let,
-    Loop,
-    Mod,
-    Mut,
-    Pub,
-    Return,
-    SelfKw,
-    SelfTy,
-    Static,
-    Struct,
-    Super,
-    True,
-    Type,
-    Use,
-    While,
-    /// Delimiter or punctuation
-    Punct(Punct),
-}
-
-/// An operator character (delimiter, punctuation)
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub enum Punct {
+    As,       // as
+    Break,    // "break"
+    Cl,       // "cl"
+    Const,    // "const"
+    Continue, // "continue"
+    Else,     // "else"
+    Enum,     // "enum"
+    False,    // "false"
+    Fn,       // "fn"
+    For,      // "for"
+    If,       // "if"
+    Impl,     // "impl"
+    In,       // "in"
+    Let,      // "let"
+    Loop,     // "loop"
+    Mod,      // "mod"
+    Mut,      // "mut"
+    Pub,      // "pub"
+    Return,   // "return"
+    SelfKw,   // "self"
+    SelfTy,   // "Self"
+    Static,   // "static"
+    Struct,   // "struct"
+    Super,    // "super"
+    True,     // "true"
+    Type,     // "type"
+    Use,      // "use"
+    While,    // "while"
+    // Delimiter or punctuation
     LCurly,     // {
     RCurly,     // }
     LBrack,     // [
@@ -120,8 +114,8 @@ impl Display for TokenKind {
             TokenKind::Else => "else".fmt(f),
             TokenKind::Enum => "enum".fmt(f),
             TokenKind::False => "false".fmt(f),
-            TokenKind::For => "for".fmt(f),
             TokenKind::Fn => "fn".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::For => "for".fmt(f),
             TokenKind::If => "if".fmt(f),
             TokenKind::Impl => "impl".fmt(f),
             TokenKind::In => "in".fmt(f),
@@ -141,7 +135,60 @@ impl Display for TokenKind {
             TokenKind::Use => "use".fmt(f),
             TokenKind::While => "while".fmt(f),
 
-            TokenKind::Punct(op) => op.fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::LCurly => "{".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::RCurly => "}".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::LBrack => "[".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::RBrack => "]".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::LParen => "(".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::RParen => ")".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::Amp => "&".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::AmpAmp => "&&".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::AmpEq => "&=".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::Arrow => "->".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::At => "@".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::Backslash => "\\".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::Bang => "!".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::BangBang => "!!".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::BangEq => "!=".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::Bar => "|".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::BarBar => "||".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::BarEq => "|=".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::Colon => ":".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::ColonColon => "::".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::Comma => ",".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::Dot => ".".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::DotDot => "..".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::DotDotEq => "..=".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::Eq => "=".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::EqEq => "==".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::FatArrow => "=>".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::Grave => "`".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::Gt => ">".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::GtEq => ">=".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::GtGt => ">>".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::GtGtEq => ">>=".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::Hash => "#".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::HashBang => "#!".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::Lt => "<".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::LtEq => "<=".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::LtLt => "<<".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::LtLtEq => "<<=".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::Minus => "-".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::MinusEq => "-=".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::Plus => "+".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::PlusEq => "+=".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::Question => "?".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::Rem => "%".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::RemEq => "%=".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::Semi => ";".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::Slash => "/".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::SlashEq => "/=".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::Star => "*".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::StarEq => "*=".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::Tilde => "~".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::Xor => "^".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::XorEq => "^=".fmt(f),
+            TokenKind::XorXor => "^^".fmt(f),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -159,8 +206,8 @@ impl FromStr for TokenKind {
             "else" => Self::Else,
             "enum" => Self::Enum,
             "false" => Self::False,
-            "for" => Self::For,
             "fn" => Self::Fn,
+            "for" => Self::For,
             "if" => Self::If,
             "impl" => Self::Impl,
             "in" => Self::In,
@@ -183,64 +230,3 @@ impl FromStr for TokenKind {
         })
     }
 }
-
-impl Display for Punct {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        match self {
-            Punct::LCurly => "{".fmt(f),
-            Punct::RCurly => "}".fmt(f),
-            Punct::LBrack => "[".fmt(f),
-            Punct::RBrack => "]".fmt(f),
-            Punct::LParen => "(".fmt(f),
-            Punct::RParen => ")".fmt(f),
-            Punct::Amp => "&".fmt(f),
-            Punct::AmpAmp => "&&".fmt(f),
-            Punct::AmpEq => "&=".fmt(f),
-            Punct::Arrow => "->".fmt(f),
-            Punct::At => "@".fmt(f),
-            Punct::Backslash => "\\".fmt(f),
-            Punct::Bang => "!".fmt(f),
-            Punct::BangBang => "!!".fmt(f),
-            Punct::BangEq => "!=".fmt(f),
-            Punct::Bar => "|".fmt(f),
-            Punct::BarBar => "||".fmt(f),
-            Punct::BarEq => "|=".fmt(f),
-            Punct::Colon => ":".fmt(f),
-            Punct::ColonColon => "::".fmt(f),
-            Punct::Comma => ",".fmt(f),
-            Punct::Dot => ".".fmt(f),
-            Punct::DotDot => "..".fmt(f),
-            Punct::DotDotEq => "..=".fmt(f),
-            Punct::Eq => "=".fmt(f),
-            Punct::EqEq => "==".fmt(f),
-            Punct::FatArrow => "=>".fmt(f),
-            Punct::Grave => "`".fmt(f),
-            Punct::Gt => ">".fmt(f),
-            Punct::GtEq => ">=".fmt(f),
-            Punct::GtGt => ">>".fmt(f),
-            Punct::GtGtEq => ">>=".fmt(f),
-            Punct::Hash => "#".fmt(f),
-            Punct::HashBang => "#!".fmt(f),
-            Punct::Lt => "<".fmt(f),
-            Punct::LtEq => "<=".fmt(f),
-            Punct::LtLt => "<<".fmt(f),
-            Punct::LtLtEq => "<<=".fmt(f),
-            Punct::Minus => "-".fmt(f),
-            Punct::MinusEq => "-=".fmt(f),
-            Punct::Plus => "+".fmt(f),
-            Punct::PlusEq => "+=".fmt(f),
-            Punct::Question => "?".fmt(f),
-            Punct::Rem => "%".fmt(f),
-            Punct::RemEq => "%=".fmt(f),
-            Punct::Semi => ";".fmt(f),
-            Punct::Slash => "/".fmt(f),
-            Punct::SlashEq => "/=".fmt(f),
-            Punct::Star => "*".fmt(f),
-            Punct::StarEq => "*=".fmt(f),
-            Punct::Tilde => "~".fmt(f),
-            Punct::Xor => "^".fmt(f),
-            Punct::XorEq => "^=".fmt(f),
-            Punct::XorXor => "^^".fmt(f),
-        }
-    }
-}

compiler/cl-typeck/examples/typeck.rs

@@ -1,24 +1,33 @@
+use cl_structures::intern::string_interner::StringInterner;
 use cl_typeck::{entry::Entry, stage::*, table::Table, type_expression::TypeExpression};
 
 use cl_ast::{
     ast_visitor::{Fold, Visit},
     desugar::*,
+    Stmt, Ty,
 };
 use cl_lexer::Lexer;
 use cl_parser::{inliner::ModuleInliner, Parser};
 use repline::{error::Error as RlError, prebaked::*};
-use std::{error::Error, path};
+use std::{
+    error::Error,
+    path::{self, PathBuf},
+};
 
 // Path to display in standard library errors
 const STDLIB_DISPLAY_PATH: &str = "stdlib/lib.cl";
 // Statically included standard library
-const STDLIB: &str = include_str!("../../../stdlib/lib.cl");
+const PREAMBLE: &str = r"
+pub mod std;
+pub use std::preamble::*;
+";
 
 // Colors
 const C_MAIN: &str = C_LISTING;
 const C_RESV: &str = "\x1b[35m";
 const C_CODE: &str = "\x1b[36m";
 const C_BYID: &str = "\x1b[95m";
+const C_ERROR: &str = "\x1b[31m";
 const C_LISTING: &str = "\x1b[38;5;117m";
 
 /// A home for immutable intermediate ASTs
@@ -29,17 +38,17 @@ static mut TREES: TreeManager = TreeManager::new();
 fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
     let mut prj = Table::default();
 
-    let mut parser = Parser::new(Lexer::new(STDLIB));
-    let code = match parser.file() {
+    let mut parser = Parser::new(Lexer::new(PREAMBLE));
+    let code = match parser.parse() {
         Ok(code) => code,
         Err(e) => {
             eprintln!("{STDLIB_DISPLAY_PATH}:{e}");
             Err(e)?
         }
     };
-    let code = inline_modules(code, concat!(env!("PWD"), "/stdlib"));
+    // This code is special - it gets loaded from a hard-coded project directory (for now)
+    let code = inline_modules(code, concat!(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"), "/../../stdlib"));
     Populator::new(&mut prj).visit_file(unsafe { TREES.push(code) });
-    // NameCollector::new(&mut prj).visit_file(unsafe { TREES.push(code) });
 
     main_menu(&mut prj)?;
     Ok(())
@@ -51,21 +60,25 @@ fn main_menu(prj: &mut Table) -> Result<(), RlError> {
         match line.trim() {
             "c" | "code" => enter_code(prj)?,
             "clear" => clear()?,
+            "d" | "desugar" => live_desugar()?,
             "e" | "exit" => return Ok(Response::Break),
+            "f" | "file" => import_files(prj)?,
+            "i" | "id" => get_by_id(prj)?,
             "l" | "list" => list_types(prj),
             "q" | "query" => query_type_expression(prj)?,
-            "i" | "id" => get_by_id(prj)?,
             "r" | "resolve" => resolve_all(prj)?,
-            "d" | "desugar" => live_desugar()?,
-            "h" | "help" => {
+            "s" | "strings" => print_strings(),
+            "h" | "help" | "" => {
                 println!(
                     "Valid commands are:
+    clear      : Clear the screen
     code    (c): Enter code to type-check
+    desugar (d): WIP: Test the experimental desugaring passes
+    file    (f): Load files from disk
+    id      (i): Get a type by its type ID
     list    (l): List all known types
     query   (q): Query the type system
-    id      (i): Get a type by its type ID
     resolve (r): Perform type resolution
-    desugar (d): WIP: Test the experimental desugaring passes
     help    (h): Print this list
     exit    (e): Exit the program"
                 );
@@ -82,7 +95,7 @@ fn enter_code(prj: &mut Table) -> Result<(), RlError> {
         if line.trim().is_empty() {
             return Ok(Response::Break);
         }
-        let code = Parser::new(Lexer::new(line)).file()?;
+        let code = Parser::new(Lexer::new(line)).parse()?;
         let code = inline_modules(code, "");
         let code = WhileElseDesugar.fold_file(code);
         // Safety: this is totally unsafe
@@ -93,7 +106,7 @@ fn enter_code(prj: &mut Table) -> Result<(), RlError> {
 
 fn live_desugar() -> Result<(), RlError> {
     read_and(C_RESV, "se>", "? >", |line| {
-        let code = Parser::new(Lexer::new(line)).stmt()?;
+        let code = Parser::new(Lexer::new(line)).parse::<Stmt>()?;
         println!("Raw, as parsed:\n{C_LISTING}{code}\x1b[0m");
 
         let code = SquashGroups.fold_stmt(code);
@@ -109,13 +122,17 @@ fn live_desugar() -> Result<(), RlError> {
     })
 }
 
+fn print_strings() {
+    println!("{}", StringInterner::global());
+}
+
 fn query_type_expression(prj: &mut Table) -> Result<(), RlError> {
     read_and(C_RESV, "ty>", "? >", |line| {
         if line.trim().is_empty() {
             return Ok(Response::Break);
         }
         // parse it as a path, and convert the path into a borrowed path
-        let ty = Parser::new(Lexer::new(line)).ty()?.kind;
+        let ty: Ty = Parser::new(Lexer::new(line)).parse()?;
         let id = ty.evaluate(prj, prj.root())?;
         pretty_handle(id.to_entry(prj))?;
         Ok(Response::Accept)
@@ -123,6 +140,7 @@ fn query_type_expression(prj: &mut Table) -> Result<(), RlError> {
 }
 
 fn get_by_id(prj: &mut Table) -> Result<(), RlError> {
+    use cl_parser::parser::Parse;
     use cl_structures::index_map::MapIndex;
     use cl_typeck::handle::Handle;
     read_and(C_BYID, "id>", "? >", |line| {
@@ -130,11 +148,11 @@ fn get_by_id(prj: &mut Table) -> Result<(), RlError> {
             return Ok(Response::Break);
         }
         let mut parser = Parser::new(Lexer::new(line));
-        let def_id = match parser.literal()? {
+        let def_id = match Parse::parse(&mut parser)? {
             cl_ast::Literal::Int(int) => int as _,
             other => Err(format!("Expected integer, got {other}"))?,
         };
-        let mut path = parser.path().unwrap_or_default();
+        let mut path = parser.parse::<cl_ast::Path>().unwrap_or_default();
         path.absolute = false;
 
         let handle = Handle::from_usize(def_id).to_entry(prj);
@@ -182,6 +200,35 @@ fn list_types(table: &mut Table) {
     }
 }
 
+fn import_files(table: &mut Table) -> Result<(), RlError> {
+    read_and(C_RESV, "fi>", "? >", |line| {
+        let line = line.trim();
+        if line.is_empty() {
+            return Ok(Response::Break);
+        }
+        let Ok(file) = std::fs::read_to_string(line) else {
+            for file in std::fs::read_dir(line)? {
+                println!("{}", file?.path().display())
+            }
+            return Ok(Response::Accept);
+        };
+
+        let mut parser = Parser::new(Lexer::new(&file));
+        let code = match parser.parse() {
+            Ok(code) => inline_modules(code, PathBuf::from(line).parent().unwrap_or("".as_ref())),
+            Err(e) => {
+                eprintln!("{C_ERROR}{line}:{e}\x1b[0m");
+                return Ok(Response::Deny);
+            }
+        };
+
+        Populator::new(table).visit_file(unsafe { TREES.push(code) });
+
+        println!("...Imported!");
+        Ok(Response::Accept)
+    })
+}
+
 fn pretty_handle(entry: Entry) -> Result<(), std::io::Error> {
     use std::io::Write;
     let mut out = std::io::stdout().lock();

compiler/cl-typeck/src/entry/display.rs

@@ -21,10 +21,8 @@ impl fmt::Display for Entry<'_, '_> {
                 TypeKind::Instance(id) => write!(f, "{}", self.with_id(*id)),
                 TypeKind::Intrinsic(kind) => write!(f, "{kind}"),
                 TypeKind::Adt(adt) => write_adt(adt, self, f),
-                &TypeKind::Ref(cnt, id) => {
-                    for _ in 0..cnt {
+                &TypeKind::Ref(id) => {
                     f.write_str("&")?;
-                    }
                     let h_id = self.with_id(id);
                     write_name_or(h_id, f)
                 }

compiler/cl-typeck/src/stage/infer.rs

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ impl Type {
     }
     /// Checks whether there are any unbound type variables in this type.
     /// ```rust
-    /// # use cl_typeck::inference::*;
+    /// # use cl_typeck::stage::infer::*;
     /// let bool = Type::new_op("bool".into(), &[]);
     /// let true_v = Type::new_inst(&bool);
     /// let unbound = Type::new_var();
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ impl Type {
     /// Panics if this type variable's instance field is already borrowed.
     /// # Examples
     /// ```rust
-    /// # use cl_typeck::inference::*;
+    /// # use cl_typeck::stage::infer::*;
     /// let t_bool = Type::new_op("bool".into(), &[]);
     /// let t_nest = Type::new_inst(&Type::new_inst(&Type::new_inst(&t_bool)));
     /// let pruned = t_nest.prune();

compiler/cl-typeck/src/stage/populate.rs

@@ -145,35 +145,22 @@ impl<'a> Visit<'a> for Populator<'_, 'a> {
         self.visit_use_tree(tree);
     }
 
-    fn visit_stmt(&mut self, s: &'a cl_ast::Stmt) {
-        let cl_ast::Stmt { extents, kind, semi } = s;
-        let cl_ast::StmtKind::Local(local) = kind else {
-            self.visit_span(extents);
-            self.visit_stmt_kind(kind);
-            self.visit_semi(semi);
-            return;
-        };
-
-        let mut entry = self.new_entry(NodeKind::Local);
-        entry.inner.set_span(*extents);
-        entry.visit_let(local);
-
-        if let (Some(name), child) = (entry.name, entry.inner.id()) {
-            self.inner.add_child(name, child);
-        }
-    }
-
     fn visit_let(&mut self, l: &'a cl_ast::Let) {
         let cl_ast::Let { mutable, name, ty, init } = l;
-        self.inner.set_source(Source::Local(l));
-        self.set_name(*name);
+        let mut entry = self.new_entry(NodeKind::Local);
 
-        self.visit_mutability(mutable);
+        entry.inner.set_source(Source::Local(l));
+        entry.set_name(*name);
+
+        entry.visit_mutability(mutable);
         if let Some(ty) = ty {
-            self.visit_ty(ty);
+            entry.visit_ty(ty);
         }
         if let Some(init) = init {
-            self.visit_expr(init)
-        }
+            entry.visit_expr(init)
+        }
+
+        let child = entry.inner.id();
+        self.inner.add_child(*name, child);
     }
 }

compiler/cl-typeck/src/type_expression.rs

@@ -97,8 +97,12 @@ impl TypeExpression for TyTuple {
 impl TypeExpression for TyRef {
     fn evaluate(&self, table: &mut Table, node: Handle) -> Result<Handle, Error> {
         let Self { mutable: _, count, to } = self;
-        let kind = TypeKind::Ref(*count, to.evaluate(table, node)?);
-        Ok(table.anon_type(kind))
+        let mut t = to.evaluate(table, node)?;
+        for _ in 0..*count {
+            let kind = TypeKind::Ref(t);
+            t = table.anon_type(kind)
+        }
+        Ok(t)
     }
 }
 

compiler/cl-typeck/src/type_kind.rs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ pub enum TypeKind {
     /// A user-defined aromatic data type
     Adt(Adt),
     /// A reference to an already-defined type: &T
-    Ref(u16, Handle),
+    Ref(Handle),
     /// A contiguous view of dynamically sized memory
     Slice(Handle),
     /// A contiguous view of statically sized memory
@@ -54,39 +54,18 @@ pub enum Adt {
 
 /// The set of compiler-intrinsic types.
 /// These primitive types have native implementations of the basic operations.
-#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+#[rustfmt::skip]
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub enum Intrinsic {
-    /// An 8-bit signed integer: `#[intrinsic = "i8"]`
-    I8,
-    /// A 16-bit signed integer: `#[intrinsic = "i16"]`
-    I16,
-    /// A 32-bit signed integer: `#[intrinsic = "i32"]`
-    I32,
-    /// A 64-bit signed integer: `#[intrinsic = "i32"]`
-    I64,
-    // /// A 128-bit signed integer: `#[intrinsic = "i32"]`
-    // I128,
-    /// A ptr-len signed integer: `#[intrinsic = "isize"]`
-    Isize,
-    /// An 8-bit unsigned integer: `#[intrinsic = "u8"]`
-    U8,
-    /// A 16-bit unsigned integer: `#[intrinsic = "u16"]`
-    U16,
-    /// A 32-bit unsigned integer: `#[intrinsic = "u32"]`
-    U32,
-    /// A 64-bit unsigned integer: `#[intrinsic = "u64"]`
-    U64,
-    // /// A 128-bit unsigned integer: `#[intrinsic = "u128"]`
-    // U128,
-    /// A ptr-len unsigned integer: `#[intrinsic = "isize"]`
-    Usize,
-    /// A boolean (`true` or `false`): `#[intrinsic = "bool"]`
-    Bool,
-    /// The unicode codepoint type: #[intrinsic = "char"]
-    Char,
+    I8, I16, I32, I64, I128, Isize, // Signed integers
+    U8, U16, U32, U64, U128, Usize, // Unsigned integers
+    F8, F16, F32, F64, F128, Fsize, // Floating point numbers
+    Bool,                           // boolean value
+    Char,                           // Unicode codepoint
 }
 
+// Author's note: the fsize type is a meme
+
 impl FromStr for Intrinsic {
     type Err = ();
 
@@ -96,12 +75,20 @@ impl FromStr for Intrinsic {
             "i16" => Intrinsic::I16,
             "i32" => Intrinsic::I32,
             "i64" => Intrinsic::I64,
+            "i128" => Intrinsic::I128,
             "isize" => Intrinsic::Isize,
             "u8" => Intrinsic::U8,
             "u16" => Intrinsic::U16,
             "u32" => Intrinsic::U32,
             "u64" => Intrinsic::U64,
+            "u128" => Intrinsic::U128,
             "usize" => Intrinsic::Usize,
+            "f8" => Intrinsic::F8,
+            "f16" => Intrinsic::F16,
+            "f32" => Intrinsic::F32,
+            "f64" => Intrinsic::F64,
+            "f128" => Intrinsic::F128,
+            "fsize" => Intrinsic::Fsize,
             "bool" => Intrinsic::Bool,
             "char" => Intrinsic::Char,
             _ => Err(())?,

compiler/cl-typeck/src/type_kind/display.rs

@@ -11,12 +11,7 @@ impl Display for TypeKind {
             TypeKind::Instance(def) => write!(f, "alias to #{def}"),
             TypeKind::Intrinsic(i) => i.fmt(f),
             TypeKind::Adt(a) => a.fmt(f),
-            TypeKind::Ref(cnt, def) => {
-                for _ in 0..*cnt {
-                    f.write_str("&")?;
-                }
-                def.fmt(f)
-            }
+            TypeKind::Ref(def) => write!(f, "&{def}"),
             TypeKind::Slice(def) => write!(f, "slice [#{def}]"),
             TypeKind::Array(def, size) => write!(f, "array [#{def}; {size}]"),
             TypeKind::Tuple(defs) => {
@@ -80,12 +75,20 @@ impl Display for Intrinsic {
             Intrinsic::I16 => f.write_str("i16"),
             Intrinsic::I32 => f.write_str("i32"),
             Intrinsic::I64 => f.write_str("i64"),
+            Intrinsic::I128 => f.write_str("i128"),
             Intrinsic::Isize => f.write_str("isize"),
             Intrinsic::U8 => f.write_str("u8"),
             Intrinsic::U16 => f.write_str("u16"),
             Intrinsic::U32 => f.write_str("u32"),
             Intrinsic::U64 => f.write_str("u64"),
+            Intrinsic::U128 => f.write_str("u128"),
             Intrinsic::Usize => f.write_str("usize"),
+            Intrinsic::F8 => f.write_str("f8"),
+            Intrinsic::F16 => f.write_str("f16"),
+            Intrinsic::F32 => f.write_str("f32"),
+            Intrinsic::F64 => f.write_str("f64"),
+            Intrinsic::F128 => f.write_str("f128"),
+            Intrinsic::Fsize => f.write_str("fsize"),
             Intrinsic::Bool => f.write_str("bool"),
             Intrinsic::Char => f.write_str("char"),
         }

grammar.ebnf

@@ -96,7 +96,9 @@ Shift       = Factor   (ShiftOp   Factor )* ;
 Factor      = Term     (FactorOp  Term   )* ;
 Term        = Unary    (TermOp    Unary  )* ;
 
-Unary       = (UnaryKind)* Member ;
+Unary       = (UnaryKind)* Cast ;
+
+Cast        = Member ("as" Ty)? ;
 
 Member      = Call (Access)* ;
 Access      = '.' (Identifier ('(' Tuple? ')')? | Literal) ;

sample-code/ascii.cl

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env -S conlang -r false
+//! Prints out the characters in the ASCII printable range
+//! and the Latin-1 supplement in the format of a hex-dump
+
+fn main () {
+    ascii()
+}
+
+fn n_digit(n: u32) -> char {
+    (if n > 9 {
+        ('a' as u32) + n - 10
+    } else {
+        ('0' as u32) + n
+    }) as char
+}
+
+fn in_range(num: u32, start: u32, end: u32) -> bool {
+    (start <= num) && (num <= end )
+}
+
+fn ascii() {
+    for row in 0..16 {
+        for col in 0..16 {
+            if col == 8 {
+                print(' ')
+            }
+            print(n_digit(row), n_digit(col), ' ')
+        }
+        print(" │")
+        for col in 0..16 {
+            print(ascii_picture(row << 4 | col))
+        }
+        println("│")
+    }
+}
+
+// Start of the C0 control pictures region
+const CO_CONTROL_PICTURES: u32 = '\u{2400}' as u32;
+
+fn ascii_picture(c: u32) -> char {
+    if c < ' ' as u32 {                 // C0
+        (CO_CONTROL_PICTURES + c) as char
+    } else if c == 127 {                // C0:DEL
+        '␡' // SYMBOL_FOR_DELETE
+    } else if c.in_range(0x7f, 0xa0) {  // C1
+        ' '
+    } else c as char
+}

sample-code/fib.cl

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env -S conlang -r false
 // Calculate Fibonacci numbers
 
 fn main() {
     for num in 0..=30 {
-        print("fib(", num, ") = ", fib_iterative(num))
+        println("fib(", num, ") = ", fibit(num))
     }
     for num in 0..=30 {
-        print("fib(", num, ") = ", fib(num))
+        println("fib(", num, ") = ", fib(num))
     }
 }
 
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ fn fib(a: i64) -> i64 {
 }
 
 /// The classic iterative algorithm for fib()
-fn fib_iterative(n: i64) -> i64 {
+fn fibit(n: i64) -> i64 {
     let mut a = 0;
     let mut b = 1;
     let mut c = 1;

sample-code/fizzbuzz.cl

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env -S conlang -r false
 // FizzBuzz, using the unstable variadic-`print` builtin
 
 fn main() {
-    fizzbuzz(10, 20)
+    fizzbuzz(0, 30)
 }
 
 // Outputs FizzBuzz for numbers between `start` and `end`, inclusive
 fn fizzbuzz(start: i128, end: i128) {
     for x in start..=end {
-        print(if x % 15 == 0 {
+        println(if x % 15 == 0 {
             "FizzBuzz"
         } else if 0 == x % 3 {
             "Fizz"

sample-code/hello.cl

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env -S conlang -r false
+//! Prints "Hello, world!"
+
 fn main() {
-    print("Hello, world!")
+    println("Hello, world!")
 }

sample-code/hex.cl

@@ -1,23 +1,39 @@
 //! Formats numbers in hexadecimal, octal, or binary
 mod math;
 
-// TODO: casting and/or conversion
-const HEX_LUT: Array = [
-    '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f',
-];
+fn as_digit(n: u32) -> char {
+    (if n > 9 {
+        n - 10 + ('a' as u32)
+    } else {
+        n + ('0' as u32)
+    }) as char
+}
+
+pub fn radix(n: i64, radix: i64) {
+    fn r_str_radix(n: i64, radix: i64) {
+        if n != 0 {
+            r_str_radix(n / radix, radix) + as_digit(n % radix)
+        } else ""
+    }
+    if n == 0 {
+        "0"
+    } else if n < 0 {
+        // TODO: breaks at i64::MIN
+        "-" + r_str_radix(-n, radix)
+    } else r_str_radix(n, radix)
+}
 
 pub fn hex(n: u64) {
     let out = "0x";
     for xd in min(count_leading_zeroes(n) / 4, 15)..16 {
-        out += HEX_LUT[(n >> (15 - xd) * 4) & 0xf]
+        out += as_digit((n >> (15 - xd) * 4) & 0xf)
     }
     out
 }
-
 pub fn oct(n: u64) {
     let out = "0o";
     for xd in min((count_leading_zeroes(n) + 2) / 3, 21)..22 {
-        out += HEX_LUT[(n >> max(63 - (3 * xd), 0)) & 7]
+        out += as_digit((n >> max(63 - (3 * xd), 0)) & 7)
     }
     out
 }
@@ -25,7 +41,7 @@ pub fn oct(n: u64) {
 pub fn bin(n: u64) {
     let out = "0b";
     for xd in min(count_leading_zeroes(n), 63)..64 {
-        out += HEX_LUT[(n >> 63 - xd) & 1]
+        out += as_digit((n >> 63 - xd) & 1)
     }
     out
 }

sample-code/math.cl

@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
 //! Useful math functions
 
+// FIXME:
+// These two functions shouldn't actually be polymorphic, but
+// the AST interpreter doesn't know about type annotations
+// or operator overloading.
+#[generic("T")]
 pub fn max(a: T, b: T) -> T {
     (if a < b { b } else { a })
 }
 
+#[generic("T")]
 pub fn min(a: T, b: T) -> T {
     (if a > b { b } else { a })
 }

sample-code/rand.cl

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+//! Pseudo-random number generation using a LFSR algorithm
+
+static state: u64 = 0xdeadbeefdeadbeef;
+
+pub fn seed(seed: u64) {
+    state = seed;
+}
+
+pub fn lfsr_next() {
+    state ^= state >> 7;
+    state ^= state << 9;
+    state ^= state >> 13;
+}
+
+/// Returns a pseudorandom byte
+pub fn rand() -> u8 {
+    for _ in 0..8 {
+        lfsr_next()
+    }
+    state & 0xff
+}
+
+// Prints a maze out of diagonal box drawing characters, ['╲', '╱']
+fn mazel(width: u64, height: u64) {
+    let walls = ['\u{2571}', '\u{2572}'];
+    rand_rect(width, height, walls)
+}
+
+// Prints a rectangle with the provided walls
+fn rand_rect(width: u64, height: u64, walls: [char; 2]) {
+    for _ in 0..height {
+        for _ in 0..width {
+            print(walls[rand() % 2])
+        }
+        println()
+    }
+}

stdlib/std.cl

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 //! # The Conlang Standard Library
 
 pub mod preamble {
-    pub use super::num::*;
+    pub use super::{num::*, str::str};
 }
 
 pub mod num;
 
+pub mod str;
+
 #[cfg("test")]
 mod test;

stdlib/std/num.cl

@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@ pub type i32;
 #[intrinsic = "i64"]
 pub type i64;
 
+#[intrinsic = "i128"]
+pub type i128;
+
 #[intrinsic = "isize"]
 pub type isize;
 
@@ -33,9 +36,18 @@ pub type u32;
 #[intrinsic = "u64"]
 pub type u64;
 
+#[intrinsic = "u128"]
+pub type u128;
+
 #[intrinsic = "usize"]
 pub type usize;
 
+#[intrinsic = "f32"]
+pub type f32;
+
+#[intrinsic = "f64"]
+pub type f64;
+
 // Contains implementations for (TODO) overloaded operators on num types
 pub mod ops {
     use super::*;
@@ -226,6 +238,45 @@ pub mod ops {
         }
     }
 
+    impl u128 {
+        pub const MIN: Self = 0;
+        pub const MAX: Self = !0;
+        pub const BIT_WIDTH: u32 = 8;
+        pub fn default() -> Self {
+            0
+        }
+        pub fn mul(a: Self, b: Self) -> Self {
+            a * b
+        }
+        pub fn div(a: Self, b: Self) -> Self {
+            a / b
+        }
+        pub fn rem(a: Self, b: Self) -> Self {
+            a % b
+        }
+        pub fn add(a: Self, b: Self) -> Self {
+            a + b
+        }
+        pub fn sub(a: Self, b: Self) -> Self {
+            a - b
+        }
+        pub fn shl(a: Self, b: u32) -> Self {
+            a << b
+        }
+        pub fn shr(a: Self, b: u32) -> Self {
+            a >> b
+        }
+        pub fn and(a: Self, b: Self) -> Self {
+            a & b
+        }
+        pub fn or(a: Self, b: Self) -> Self {
+            a | b
+        }
+        pub fn xor(a: Self, b: Self) -> Self {
+            a ^ b
+        }
+    }
+
     impl usize {
         pub const MIN: Self = __march_ptr_width_unsigned_min();
         pub const MAX: Self = __march_ptr_width_unsigned_max();
@@ -421,6 +472,45 @@ pub mod ops {
         }
     }
 
+    impl i128 {
+        pub const MIN: Self = !(1 << 128);
+        pub const MAX: Self = 1 << 128;
+        pub const BIT_WIDTH: u32 = 8;
+        pub fn default() -> Self {
+            0
+        }
+        pub fn mul(a: Self, b: Self) -> Self {
+            a * b
+        }
+        pub fn div(a: Self, b: Self) -> Self {
+            a / b
+        }
+        pub fn rem(a: Self, b: Self) -> Self {
+            a % b
+        }
+        pub fn add(a: Self, b: Self) -> Self {
+            a + b
+        }
+        pub fn sub(a: Self, b: Self) -> Self {
+            a - b
+        }
+        pub fn shl(a: Self, b: u32) -> Self {
+            a << b
+        }
+        pub fn shr(a: Self, b: u32) -> Self {
+            a >> b
+        }
+        pub fn and(a: Self, b: Self) -> Self {
+            a & b
+        }
+        pub fn or(a: Self, b: Self) -> Self {
+            a | b
+        }
+        pub fn xor(a: Self, b: Self) -> Self {
+            a ^ b
+        }
+    }
+
     impl isize {
         pub const MIN: Self = __march_ptr_width_signed_min();
         pub const MAX: Self = __march_ptr_width_signed_max();

stdlib/std/str.cl

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+//! TODO: give conland a string type
+use super::num::u8;
+
+type str = [u8];